468 APPENDIX. 



This interesting and valuable work offered me the means of 

 determining for myself, whether the forms and dimensions of 

 the crania of the eastern races, would in any way support or 

 refute my classification of them. For the purposes of com- 

 parison, the whole series of nineteen measurements would have 

 been far too cumbersome. I therefore selected three, which 

 seem to me well adapted to test the capabilities of Cranioscopy 

 for the purpose in view. These are : — 1. The capacity of the 

 cranium. 2. The proportion of the width to the length taken as 

 100. 3. The proportion of the height to the length taken as 100. 

 These dimensions are given by Dr. Davis in almost every case, 

 and have furnished me with ample materials. I first took the 

 " meana " of groups of crania of the same race from distinct locali- 

 ties, as given by Dr. Davis himself, and thought I could detect 

 differences characteristic of the great divisions of the Malayans 

 and Papuans ; but some anomalies induced me to look at the 

 amount of individual variation, and this was so enormous that 

 I became at once convinced, that even this large collection could 

 furnish no trustworthy average. I will now give a few examples 

 of these variations, using the terms, — Capacity, WiL, H:L, 

 for the three dimensions compared. In the Capacity, I always 

 comnare only male crania, so as not to introduce the sexual 

 difference of size. In the other proportionate dimensions, I use 

 both sexes to get a larger average, as I find these proportions do 

 not vary definitely according to sex, the two extremes often 

 occurring in the series of male specimens only. 



Malays. — Thirteen male Sumatra crania had : — Capacity, 

 from 61'J to 87 ounces of sand; W:L, 'Tl to '86; B[:L, 

 •73 to "85. Ten male Celebes crania varied thus : — Capacity, 

 from 67 to 83 ; W : L, -73 to -92 ; H :L, '76 to -90. 



In the whole series of eighty-six Malay skulls from Sumatra, 

 Java, Madura, Borneo, and Celebes, the variation is enormous. 

 Capacity (dG skuUs) 60 to 91 ounces of sand; W:L, 70 to 

 92- H : L, '72 to •90. And these extremes are not isolated 



