360 The Andes and the Amazons. 



is well patronized by high and low. The rolling stock 

 consists of five locomotives, fourteen passenger and eight 

 freight cars. 



There are very few Germans, French, English, and 

 Americans in Para; but of Portuguese there are about 

 5000, all busily coining money as shop-keepers, artisans, 

 carmen, boatmen, etc. The native Brazilians are exceed- 

 ingly jealous of them. They complain that these foreign- 

 ers are monopolizing the trade of the country; but instead 

 of vigorously competing with them, they threaten to drive 

 them back to Portugal. While agriculture, such as it is, 

 is carried on by the Tapuyos, or civilized Indians, tlie me- 

 chanical arts are mainly in the hands of the Portuguese. 

 Among the industrial establishments there are fifty-nine 

 bakers, forty-three tailors, thirty-six shoe-makers, thirty -two 

 carpenters and joiners, twenty barbers (including such as 

 bleed by lancet and leech), nineteen tinners and glaziers, 

 sixteen blacksmiths, thirteen butchers, ten printers, eight 

 sugar - refiners, eight soap and tallow chandlers, eight 

 makers of fire-works, four dentists, four book-binders, four 

 corifectionei's, three photographers, three saddlers, three 

 tanners, and three potters. No foreigner can practice a 

 profession (as medicine or law), and charge for his services, 

 without a certificate from the University at Rio. Dentist- 

 ry, being considered a mechanical art, is allowed- There 

 are at present sixteen printing-presses at Para, from which 

 issue fourteen journals — five dailies, three semi-weeklies, 

 and six weeklies ; four bookstores ; one college {Lyceo Pa- 

 raense) with twelve departments ; a normal school, having 

 a course of three years; a library, museum, and literary 

 club. 



The great want of the country is laborers of all kinds, 

 but especially field hands. The Indians and Mestizos will 

 not work ; their supreme ambition is to be let alone. 



