400 The Andes and the Amazons. 



pounds; i-ice, $24 for 260 pounds; coffee, $4 80 an ar- 

 roba ; cacao, $24 a quintal ; tobacco, 50 cents per maze of 

 three or four pounds; sugar, $4 an arroba ; cotton cloth, 

 10 to 20 cents per vara ; wool, $1 20 to $2 an arroba ; 

 hides, $2 to $3 each ; horses, $70 to $100 each ; cows, $25 

 each; oxen, $40 each; sheep, $2 each; tiles, $16 a thou- 

 sand; a cedar board, 2^ varas long by f vara wide (say 7 

 by 2 feet), $5 ; land on the plains, $50 per "fanigada" of 

 eight acres. Wheat, barley, corn, and potatoes are about 

 the only vegetable productions within sight of the city. 

 At the time of my visit (November), the people were plow- 

 ing with crooked sticks fastened to the horns of cattle. 

 The province yields annually over 7,000,000 pounds of 

 wheat, 160,000 liead of sheep, 30,000 head of cattle, and 

 16,000 horses. The manufactures amount to nothing ; and 

 the imports greatly exceed the exports in value. A few 

 textile fabrics of wool and cotton are made, and some 

 straw hats, from the tamsi, instead of the bombonaje. 

 The celebrated silver-mines of Gualgayoc, eighteen leagues 

 northwest, are not yet exhausted, but are not so productive 

 as formerly. 



Cajamarca occupies an important place in the history of 

 Peru. It was the favorite residence of the Inca when his 

 empire stretched from the Rio Andasmayo, north of Quito, 

 to the Rio Maule, in Chile. One can not catch a glimpse 

 of this charming spot without a feeling of sympathy. 



Yonder cloud of vapor rising along the eastern edge of 

 the plain marks the " Hot Baths of the Incta," memorable 

 as the scene of the lirst interview between the Spaniards 

 and the ill-fated monarch. In the city, the stone walls 

 of Atahuallpa's palace still stand for about fifteen feet. 

 There, too, are the subterranean galleries, tunneling the 

 mountains to connect the distant fortresses with the I'oyal 

 quarters. And there are the remnants of the old barrack 



