Coca and Tobacco. 525 



raua, and drink it as a beverage. On the Orinoco it is 

 used as a preservative against bilious fevers. In Bolivia it 

 brings $6 a pound ; on the Amazons, 60 cents. 



Matico, the leaves of Artanthe elongata groveing on the 

 Peruvian slope, is a valuable styptic for hemorrhages. 



Pakaiba {Simaruba versicolor), Raiz-pketa {Chiococca 

 anguifuga), Maemaleiro do Mato {Casearia ulmifolia), 

 and Eupatorium Ayapena are considered certain anti- 

 dotes to snake-poison. 



Clove Cassia is furnished by the laurel Dicypellium 

 caryophyllatum. 



Maeanham Clove is the highly odoriferous bark of a 

 small tree growing on some of the small tributaries of the 

 N"egro. 



A species of the leguminous Myrosjperraum ("Quino- 

 quino"), growing in the high region of the Huallaga, 

 yields the Balsam of Peeu. 



Coca (" Ipadii " of Brazilians), the powdered leaves of an 

 Erythroxylon growing on the eastern slopes of the Peru- 

 vian Andes, is to the natives of that region what opium is to 

 the Turks, and betel to the Malays. It is not only a pow- 

 erful stimulant, but also alimental and tonic. With it and 

 a little parched corn the Indians will endure a surprising 

 amount of fatigue. In fact, with coca alone, they will go 

 days without food and sleep. The leaves resemble tea- 

 leaves, only they are entire ; and the plant is a slender 

 shrub, occurring both wild and cultivated. The best coca 

 is grown in the Yungas of Bolivia. 



Tobacco of fine quality is cultivated in many parts of 

 the Amazons. The best quality for pipes is that of Borba 

 and Trinidad, on the Madeira. The finest for cigarettes 

 is produced at Jeveros, near the mouth of the Huallaga, 

 and at Bagiia, Tamboli, Duna, and Cunchara, in the valley 

 of the Utcubamba. Three species of the tobacco - plant 



