586 The Andes and the Amazons. 



Next in point of numbers is the white Spanish-Peruvian, 

 who, with the Indian, forms various grades of blood-rela- 

 tionship ; the wliite man being the trader or the governor 

 of the district, and now and then the j)adre of an uncer- 

 tain extent of leagues up or down the rivers. 



Rivaling these in point of numbers is the Brazilian or 

 Portuguese trader, who makes his way up from the Lower 

 Amazons, and locates at the various villages, intermarrying 

 with the half-breed Indian, or bringing his family with 

 him. The Portuguese are the most industrious of all the 

 populations on the whole Amazons, and generally the most 

 healthy. The energy of this people, wherever found on 

 the Amazons, has often been the subject of remark, and 

 they seem still to carry about the vim of a Vasco de Gama 

 in their wanderings. The contrast between them and their 

 kinsmen, the pure Brazilian, is very great. At Iquitos, 

 which is the largest town on the low countries of the Ma- 

 rafion, or the Ucayali, and which is the go\'ernment head- 

 quarters of the Fluvial Department of Eastern Peru, are 

 to be found seventy or eighty Englishmen, who are em- 

 ployes in the public workshops, some of them having their 

 families with them, and they form the largest body of An- 

 glo-Saxons on the whole length of the Maraiion. Besides 

 these larger groups of nationalities is to be seen an occa- 

 sional Yankee, who, by -the -bye, does not appear in this 

 district to be much of a developer of ideas of any sort ; 

 and a German here and there seems to be " looking out 

 for a good opening," as also is the stray Frenchman. Of 

 all these diverse representatives, the Portuguese and the 

 half-blooded Spaniard-and-Peruvian seem to live more as 

 though they were not striving against circumstances ; the 

 Indian appearing almost as foreign as the white Spanish- 

 Peruvian, neither showing resistance to climate or inertia, 

 as well as the mestizos. Rarely may be seen a sambo — 



