146 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



selves, the Brazilians will be sensible how quickly 

 they have been led through various degrees of im- 

 provement, during the twelve years, in which Kmg 

 John VI. has resided in this kingdom. 

 - The king soon marked his presence in the new 

 kingdom, by the erection of the same superior tri- 

 bunals and authorities, as exist in Portugal. In the 

 year 1808, he organised the Dezembargo do Po^o 

 (Ministerial Council of the interior and Council 

 of State), Conselho da Justiga (Ministerial Council 

 of Justice), Conselho da Fazenda (Ministerial Coun- 

 cil of the Finances), Junta do Commercio (Supreme 

 Tribunal of Commerce), Meza da Consciencia 

 (Ministerial Council of Religious Worship), the 

 Relagdo (Court of Appeal) of Rio de Janeiro was 

 raised to the rank of Supplicagdo (Supreme Court 

 of Appeal), a general intendancy of the police 

 for the whole kingdom was established, and also 

 an independent police for the capital, a royal 

 treasury, a mint, and a record office. In the year 

 1805, the bishopric founded in I676 was endowed 

 anew, and provided with a numerous chapter ; 

 lastly, in the year 1810, a Royal Military Academy 

 was founded. The boundaries of the captanias 

 were more accurately determined, and the neces- 

 sary tribunals erected. The organisation of these 

 several departments, as well as a more precise re- 

 gulation of the sphere of action of the Governors 

 General of the Provinces, the regulation of the 

 jurisdictions, and the more equal collection of the 



