TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 323 



that only the weaker hordes, wlio thought they 

 should be more secure by joining with the Por- 

 tuguese and settling among them, remained in 

 their ancient abodes. The Tupinambazes, the 

 most important of all the nations which the Euro- 

 peans found upon the coast, confirm this view by 

 their extensive migration, and their gradual falling 

 back from the coasts of Bahia and Pernambuco, 

 to Maranhao, Para, and along the river Amazons, 

 upwards as far as the mouth of the Madeira, where 

 we saw the last remnant that the continued wars 

 have left, in the village of Tupinambarana (now 

 Villa Nova). 



We passed the night in Taruma, a solitary 

 rancho in a plain bounded by forests, because we 

 were too late to reach the village of Mogy das 

 Cruces. In this part we met with several families 

 of the people called Cafusos, who are a mixture of 

 blacks and Indians. Their external appearance is 

 one of the strangest that a European can meet 

 with. They are slender and muscular, in particu- 

 lar the muscles of the breast and arms are very 

 strong ; the feet, on the contrary, in proportion, 

 weaker. Their colour is a dark copper, or coffee 

 brown. Their features, on the whole, have more 

 of the Ethiopic than of the American race. The 

 countenance is oval, the cheek-bones high, but not 

 so broad as in the Indians ; the nose broad and 

 flattened, but neither turned up nor much bent ; 

 the mouth broad, with thick but equal lips, which, 



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