6 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



revenge, pride, and stubbornness have remained in 

 his character, and he is therefore feared by his neigh- 

 bours: the stranger, however, sees in his haughty 

 manner, only earnestness and an independent spirit j 

 in his good-natured frankness and hospitahty, an ami- 

 able feature ; in his industry, the activity that marks 

 the inhabitants of a temperate zone ; and has less 

 occasion than his neighbours to become acquainted 

 with his faults. The only excuse for his pride is, 

 that he can boast of having a claim, through the 

 actions of his forefathers, to this new continent, 

 which the settlers from Europe cannot adduce. 

 There is no manner of doubt that the first comers 

 contracted frequent marriages with the neighbour- 

 ing Indians ; and the complexion and physiognomy 

 of the people indicate this mixture here, more than 

 in the other cities of Brazil, for instance, in 

 Maranhao and Bahia, Many whites have, how- 

 ever, at all times settled here. 



The capitania of S. Paulo, formerly called S. 

 Vicente, was resorted to by many Spaniards ; for 

 example, after the unfortunate result of the expe- 

 dition of the Adelantado Don Pedro de Mendoza. 

 in Paraguay (in 1538 — 1546), and, subsequently, 

 at the commencement of the eighteenth century, 

 traces of whom are still preserved in several Span- 

 ish family names. Many families of Paulistas 

 have preserved themselves without any mixture 

 with the Indians, and these are as white, nay even 

 whiter than the purer descendants of the Euro- 



