TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 15 



agriculture is almost as four to one. If we cal- 

 culate according to the annexed official table*, 

 the whole amount of agricultural produce in the 

 year 1814 at 1,005,764,440 rees, only 178,^78,800 

 rees were derived from the cattle. In proportion 

 to the population of S. Paulo, the quantity of 

 colonial articles is much less than in the more 

 northern provinces, for cotton and coflee do not 

 thrive very well in this latitude, and sugar but 

 indifferently. It is true, that in the official lists 

 in 1808, no less than 458 sugar-mills are enumer- 

 ated, and 601 apparatus for distilling brandy 

 from the sugar-cane ; but many of those mills 

 prepare only as much sugar or treacle as the 

 owners require for their own use, and the stills 

 of several fazendas are so inconsiderable that they 

 cannot make more than a few measures of rum. 

 Such small stills are met with in most of the 190 

 fazendas, which are chiefly grazing farms [fazen- 

 das de criar), as necessary domestic utensils, so far 

 as their situation permits the cultivation of the 

 sugar-cane. Half of the productions of the capi- 

 tania are required for home consumption, the other 

 is exported by water as well as by land. Colonial 

 articles, properly so called, as coffee, sugar, 

 tobacco, rum, some cotton, copaiva oil, hides, horns 

 and horn tips, tallow, &c., go either directly, or 

 by way of Rio de Janeiro, to Europe. The man- 



* See Note 2. page 34. 



