l6 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



diocca is seldom cultivated here, but maize to 

 a great extent. The inhabitants of this province 

 conceive the mandiocca flour to be unwholesome, 

 as those of the northern capitanias do maize flour. 

 Much maize and other provisions are sent to Rio 

 for the consumption of that city ; sugar and rum 

 to Rio Grande do Sul, Monte Video, and Buenos 

 Ayres ; and to Pernambuco, Ceara, Maranhao, 

 particularly, meat dried in the sun or salted 

 (passoca). Besides foreign articles, Goyaz and 

 Matto-grosso receive, also, salt and iron from 

 S. Paulo. 



Santos is the only harbour of the province which 

 has a direct intercourse with Oporto, Lisbon, and 

 the Portuguese islands ; though it is only twelve 

 leagues distant from the capital of S. Paulo, it is as 

 much cut off from it by the high and steep chain 

 of the Serra do Mar, which extends from the Morro 

 Formoza along the coast to the south, as if it were 

 fifty miles from it. The way over the Cubatao, so 

 this part of the mountain is called, is stated to rise in 

 some points more than three thousand feet above 

 the level of the sea, is extremely steep, and only 

 passable for mules. Though it was greatly im- 

 proved by the governor-general, Franca e Horta, 

 it still does not allow the productions of the coun- 

 try to be exported otherwise than divided into 

 small burdens, and the imported articles must be 

 introduced in the same manner. Great expense 

 and labour are required to bring to the capital 



