18 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



patriarchal simplicity, he is a stranger to many Euro- 

 pean wants, and considers himself as richer in the 

 produce of his great herds, than by the introduc- 

 tion of European money and European luxuries. 



The state of the manufactures in S. Paulo, per- 

 fectly corresponds with that of trade. The domestic 

 manufacture of coarse woollens, for the clothing of 

 the country people, and common white beaver hats, 

 are the only ones known here. The wealthiest 

 graziers tan a considerable part of the hides them- 

 selves, or salt them raw for exportation. As in 

 Rio de Janeiro, they use for tanning, the bark of the 

 Rhizophora Mangle. The necessary workmen are 

 on the spot, though not always very skilful or re- 

 gularly trained. A few months before our arrival, a 

 government manufactory for arms, which had before 

 been established at Rio de Janeiro, was transferred 

 hither and placed under the superintendence of Lieu- 

 tenant-colonel Miiller. The eight working masters 

 were all Germans, and had been brought several 

 years before from the manufactory at Potsdam. 

 They had under their direction some mulattbes and 

 negroes, whom they represented as docile and 

 clever, but on account of their laziness and inatten- 

 tion, the very antipodes of German ability. One 

 of our fowling-pieces which had become unservice- 

 able on the way, in an engagement with a large 

 serpent, was very well repaired by a black work- 

 man. They in general use English steel, or such as 

 is made here on the spot, from Soracaba iron. The 



