TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 29 



The regular militia may be tried by a court-^mar- 

 tial, even for offences which are not of a military 

 nature, which they themselves generally prefer, 

 to the proceedings of the civil tribunals. The 

 local militia, on the other hand, are subject to the 

 civil courts. It certainly was the intention of the 

 government in establishing the local militia, that 

 they should serve to awaken and maintain a war- 

 like spirit among the mass of the people ; hitherto, 

 however, they do not seem to have effected this 

 purpose, and in point of fact, the confidence of 

 the individual in his arms, and the assurance of 

 being able to use them with advantage in his 

 own concerns, has been more promoted than the 

 patriotic feeling of being able to employ them with 

 success when his country is in danger. The mi- 

 litia of S. Paulo, however, enjoy the reputation of 

 a military public spirit, which they have also con- 

 firmed in the late enterprise against Buenos Ayres. 

 Both these establishments, of the regular and local 

 militia are particularly to be recommended in a 

 young and poor country, because they are ma- 

 naged by their own resources. The officers of 

 these two corps receive no pay from the state, 

 with the exception of the majors of the militia, 

 who are always officers of the line, and direct the 

 military manoeuvres. 



The capitania of S. Paulo is not able to meet 

 the expenses of the administration out of its own 

 taxes, but requires an annual addition 60,000,000 



