48 TUAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



depend, in this respect, upon natives, the more 

 agreeably and securely will they travel. 



The whole village of Ypanema owes its origin 

 to the vast repositories of magnetic iron-stone in 

 the mountain of Araasojava, the treasures of which 

 have indeed been long known, but were not regu- 

 larly worked according to the true principles of 

 mining till after the arrival of the king. The en- 

 terprising minister, Conde de Linhares, brought 

 hither, in the year 1810, a company of Swedish 

 miners, who began by erecting a wooden workshop 

 on the banks of the Ypanema, in which they had 

 two small furnaces. At present there are still three 

 Swedish master-workmen, who have increased the 

 annual produce of the manufactory built by them 

 to four thousand arrobas. In the smelting and 

 other operations the Swedish method is followed. 

 The want of a high furnace, as well as the difficulty 

 of transporting the metal in large masses, and the 

 demand for ready-made articles, induced the 

 managers to have the greater part of the metal that 

 is obtained immediately manufactured into horse- 

 shoes, nails, locks, &c. The Swedish workmen 

 have endeavoured to instruct negroes and mulattoes 

 so as to qualify them to be useful assistants, and 

 are very well satisfied with their practical ability ; 

 but their idleness and irregularity are a continual 

 c^use of dissatisfaction to those good people who, 

 even in the abundance and freedom from care which 



