82 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



the ground by means of short pegs, a little salted 

 and dried in the sun. The flesh cut into thin strips, 

 rubbed with salt, and dried in the air, is an im- 

 portant article of exportation, from the harbours of 

 S. Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, to the cities in 

 the north, particularly to Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, 

 Pernambuco, and Maranhao, where, under the 

 names of Carne seca do Sertao, Passoca or Carne 

 charqueda, it constitutes an essential part of the 

 subsistence of all the Brazilians, but especially of 

 the negro slaves. 



Besides the breeding of oxen, that of horses and 

 mules likewise occupies several farmers in the capi- 

 tania of Paulo ; but is carried on upon a far more 

 extensive scale in Rio grande do Sul ; for it may 

 be taken as a fact, that from forty to fifty thousand 

 horses and mules are annually exported from that 

 province to the north of Brazil, The horses of S. 

 Paulo are of a middling size, of slender make, and 

 if they are attended with care, acquire a pleasing 

 and elegant carriage, and become excellent racers. 

 During our stay, a horse-dealer came from Curitiba 

 to Ypanema, when several horses were daily caught 

 out of the herd, and tamed according to the fashion 

 of the country. In general, twenty or thirty of 

 these wild animals herd together, and hardly ever 

 separate. It took some hours before the servants 

 coulddrive a number of them together into a corner, 

 and by means of their nooses catch some of them. 

 The animals so taken, sometimes trembling with 



