14 LECTURE I. 



will be his duty to write against him, but hoping that this will 

 not interrupt their friendship, as he still considers his friend 

 Morton an ornament to science. Dr. Bachman straightway 

 pubHshes a work in which he clearly betrays the greatest 

 ignorance of the subject. But what is this to a man full of 

 faith ? In spite of his ignorance, his reverence arrogantly attacks 

 Morton, as his biographer says, in a bombastic and declamatory 

 style. Morton rephes in gentlemanly dignified terms, repeating 

 his arguments, and sustaining them scientifically. This greatly 

 irritates his reverence; he now accuses Morton of being at the 

 head of a conspiracy which had its branches in four cities of the 

 Union, and whose sole object was the overthrow of a doctrine 

 closely connected with the faith and hope of the Christian for this 

 world and for eternity. Infidelity, he continues, was the neces- 

 sary result of Morton's views, which must be energetically op- 

 posed. This took place in 1 850. Morton's death in the following 

 spring put an end to the dispute ; but do we not hear similar 

 sounds from Goettingen, and are they not the echo of the 

 priestly objurgation wafted across the Atlantic Ocean ? 



The question with regard to the differences of human races 

 not merely affects the basis of theology, but the most interest- 

 ing and difiicult problems of natm-al history. When we have 

 to decide whether these differences are original, or acquired 

 in the lapse of time, the closest examination is requisite, 

 not merely as to man's historical development upon the globe, 

 but as to the influence of surrounding media. We must 

 ascertain what may be the effect of the climate and the mode 

 of life to which man may be exposed in his migrations ; how 

 far deficiency or abundance of aliment, certain habits, the 

 gradual elevation to a higher civihsation may have changed 

 the original character, or entirely effaced it, so as to be no 

 longer recognisable; how far intermixture between several 

 races, intentional or accidental, may have given rise to new 

 forms. Here it is not man alone who is to be considered, but 

 other creatures, specially the domestic animals which are im- 



* For pai-ticulars of these statements see Dr. Patterson's Memoir of Morton, 

 in Types of Mankind, p. 53. — Editor. 



