34 



LECTURE II. 



tains the brain, the lower the face. If the dried skull is looked 

 at without the lower jaw, the disproportion is still more strik- 

 ing. The forehead, which, according to artistic notions, con- 

 stitutes so essential a part of the countenance, belongs to the 

 skull, and not to the face ; it is, in fact, one of the most 

 important parts of the cerebral cranium, and must be particu- 

 larly attended to in investigating the peculiarities of the struc- 

 ture of man. 



Let us now compare the formation of the human head with 

 that of any other animal, and we shall find two essential 

 differences depending on the proportions of the two parts. 

 The cranium proper is in man absolutely larger than in the 

 brute, in which the face frequently occupies more space than 

 the brain-case ; in man, too, the face is, to a certain extent, a 

 sort of appendage, fastened on under the cranium, whilst in 

 the animal the cranial cavity hes rather behind the face. In 

 man the roof of the orbits, upon which the anterior lobes of 

 the brain rest, forms nearly a horizontal plane ; in the animal 

 it may be nearly vertical. In man a perpendicular line drawn 

 from the root of the nose falls usually upon the canine tooth ; 

 in the animal upon the posterior molars. 



Fig. 2. Skull of the Weeper Monkey, Cehus apella, in profile. 



In man the forehead is arched forward j in the animal, on the 



