LECTURE II. 59 



No. of the sys- 

 tematic series. 



62. Distance from the same articulation to tlie top of middle 



finger .....--61 



63. Breadth of hand ------ 62 



64. Greatest circumference of the upper arm (round the biceps) 63 



65. „ „ of the forearm - - - 64 



66. Smallest circumference of the same - - - 65 



67. Distance from trochanter major to the external condyle 



of the femur .--.-- 67 



68. „ from the external condyle of the femur to the 

 external malleolus ------ 68 



69. „ from the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis 



to internal condyle of femur - - - - 69 



70. „ from the internal condyle of the femur to the in- 

 ternal malleolus -.-... 70 



71. Greatest cu-cumference of the thigh - - - 71 



72. Smallest circumference of the thigh - - - 72 



73. Circumference of the knee-joint - - - - 73 



74. Greatest circumference of the calf - - - - 74 



75. Smallest cfrcumference of the lower jjart of the thigh 



above the malleoli ------ 75 



76. Length of foot ...... 76 



77. Circumference of the foot around the instep - - 77 



78. „ of the metatarsal joints - - - 78 , 



For the better understanding of the following synoptical 

 tables of the craniometrical systems of Virchow^ Welcker^ C. 

 E. von Baer, and Busk^ and of the accompanying figures^ I 

 add the subjoined explanations. 



I have only cited systems requiring the simplest instruments^ 

 such as a rule about 25 centimetres in lengthy a measuring 

 tape about 60 centimetres long, a common pair of compasses, 

 callipers, a beam compass, arranged like a shoemaker's mea- 

 sure, having a horizontal bar of 25 centimetres in length, and 

 two vertical arms one of which is fixed at the end, the other 

 sliding along the beam. Such complicated instruments as 

 those designated cephalographs or cephalometers seem to me 

 too much of a good thing. 



As Welcker's system is but a further development of that of 

 Virchow, the middle column, which gives the determining- 

 points of the measures, refers to both systems, just as the 

 measures of the figures refer to both systems. 



