130 LECTURE V. 



figure of a horizontal eight united in tlie middle by tlie 

 nasal septum. Now, it is just tliese original ethnic forms of 

 the nose which seem in a high degree permanent, and likely to 

 recur in intermixtures. Thus, in all American mongrels, the 

 sharp-backed, thin, projecting eagle nose of the redskins is 

 one of those characters which persist longest, and indicate the 

 source of the intermixture. 



The form and size of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and 

 the CHEEKS, are features not less characteristic. There are 

 peoples with such wide mouths that the cheeks seem to split 

 up to the ears ; there are others with Hps so pufied up that the 

 red parts nearly reach the nose, and seem to cover the chin. 

 It may be objected that such forms are sometimes developed 

 among ourselves ; but here again I must observe, that such 

 deviations do certainly occur among mixed populations, whilst 

 in pure races the form of the soft parts is nearly the same in 

 all individuals ; hence, they resemble each other more than 

 individuals of mixed and civilised races. 



The projection or recession of the chin, as well as the form 

 of this projection, is not less worthy of our attention, being 

 one of the essential characters of human nature. The broad 

 square chin of many nomades in the interior of Asia is in 

 striking contrast to the pointed chin of the Semitics, and the 

 apish chin of the Negro, which has hardly any projection 

 at all. 



Finally, we must not neglect the ears. The remarkably 

 small, thick, projecting and gristly ear of the Negro presents 

 a striking contrast to the large, broad, but thin ear of the 

 Tatars and Calmucks, which presents some resemblance to the 

 large ear of the Chimpanzee. 



Not much can be said with regard to the internal organs, 

 the peculiarities of which are less known than those of the 

 external form. Still, there are some indications, chiefly refer- 

 ring to the Negro, which we shall consider in the sequel, show- 

 ing that here, also, diffei'ences exist as great as those observed 

 in different species of mammals belonging to the same genus. 



I cannot quit this subject without drawing your attention to 

 the great difl&culties attending the description of the external 



