132 



LECTURE VI. 



Comparison of the Structure of Man with that of the Ape. — Differences. — 

 Defencelessness. — Erect position. — Eqnilibrium of the Skull.— Free mo- 

 bility of the Anterior Extremities. — Formation of the Pelvis.— Propor- 

 tions of several parts of the body. — ^Proportion of the Cranium to the 

 Face. — Development of the Jaws. — Proportion of the Cranial Angles. — 

 Cubic capacity of the skulls of Men, Idiots, and Apes. — Herr Bischoff 

 and the Idiots. — Nose, intermaxillary Bone, and Teeth. — Signification 

 of the Diastemata. — Structure of the Pelvis. — Proportions of the Limbs. 

 — Hands and Feet. — Differences in the Form of the Brain. — Dispute 

 between Owen and Huxley. — Eesearches of Gratiolet and Wagner. — 

 Relations of the Transition Convolutions and the Operculum. — Develop- 

 ment of the Brain. — Form of the Brain in Microcephali. 



GrENTLEMEN, — In the preceding lectures, I have directed 

 your attention to the method of investigation, and to certain 

 points which must be particularly attended to in researches 

 regarding the races of mankind. With few exceptions, I have 

 confined my remarks to man, and have only glanced at the 

 relation of the superior animals standing next to man, in order 

 that we might more easily succeed in solving the problems 

 presented to us. 



But however desirable it might be, in some respects, to con- 

 fine our attention to man ; it is, on the other hand, impossible 

 to neglect the relations in which man stands to the brute crea- 

 tion. This is the more necessary, as it is our object to show 

 that such relations do exist, and that they are sufiiciently 

 strong to connect man indissolubly with the animal world, of 

 which he is only the last and highest development, and not 

 the separate product of a special creative act. By examining, 

 therefore, the relation of man to the ape, by pointing out the 

 similitudes which establish the closest analogy to this highest 

 type of mammals, by showing the diflTerences which, on scien- 



