LECTURE VT. 159 



pleasure is rather a malicious one. We see how they play hide 

 and seek in three or four corners ; how, when obliged to leave 

 one corner for another, the player finds another player who 

 cries out to him, " You can't stay here ; find another corner." 

 " The human character," exclaims one philosopher, " lies not 

 in the developed form of the adult, but in the mode of devel- 

 opment" ; immediately there comes another, who says, " Non- 

 sense ! the character lies in certain parts which are peculiar to 

 man." "False!" replies a third, "the ape, also, has these 

 parts ; it is the general type which constitutes the difi'erence." 

 "Wrong again!" says a fourth, "that is exactly the same 

 in both, — but the brain does not constitute the difi'erence ; 'tis 

 the mind !" " Mind, spirit ?" asks a fifth, " there is no quali- 

 tative difference, only a quantitative one ; but the structure, — 

 the parts, — there it is !" 



" In man," says Owen, " the brain presents an ascensive step 

 in development, higher and more strongly marked than that by 

 which the preceding sub-class was distinguished from the one 

 below it. Not only do the cerebral hemispheres overlap the 

 olfactory lobes and cerebellum, but they extend in advance of 

 the one, and further back than the other. Their posterior de- 

 velopment is so marked, that anatomists have assigned to that 

 part the character of a third lobe, — it is peculiar to the genus 

 Homo; and equally peculiar is the posterior horn of the lateral 

 ventricle, and the hippocampus minor, which characterise the 

 hind lobe of each hemisphere. Peculiar mental powers are 

 associated with this highest form of brain, and their conse- 

 quences wonderfully illustrate the value of the cerebral cha- 

 racter ; according to my estimate of which I am led to regard 

 the genus Homo as not merely the Tepresentative of a distinct 

 Order, but of a distinct sub-Class of the Mammalia, for which 

 I propose the name of Aechencephala." 



Huxley replies to this : — " I shall prove, 



" 1 . That the third lobe is neither peculiar to, nor character- 

 istic of man, seeing that exists in all the higher quadrumana. 



" 2. That the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle is neither 

 peculiar to, nor characteristic of man, inasmuch as it also 

 exists in the higher quadrumana. 



