162 LECTURE VI. 



and ape brains/' says this author, " we easily detect the re- 

 markable analogy of the cerebral form in all these creatures. 

 The folded brain of man, and the smooth brain of the Ouistiti, 

 resemble each other by a fourfold character, — a rudimentary 

 olfactory bulb, a posterior lobe covering the cerebellum, a well 

 marked Sylvian fissure, and a posterior cornu of the lateral 

 ventricle. 



" These characters co-exist only in man and the ape. In 

 all other animals the cerebellum remains (partly) uncovered ; 

 in most, even in the elephant, there is an enormous olfactory 

 bulb ; and, excepting the makis (lemur), no other animal pre- 

 sents the Sylvian fissure. 



" Thus there is in man and ape a peculiar cerebral form ; and 

 there is also in all these creatures a general tj'pe in the ar- 

 ransrement of the cerebral convolutions. This resemblance of 

 man and ape in the arrangement of the convolutions is worthy 

 the attention of the philosopher. There is equally a particular 

 type of the cerebral convolutions in bears, cats, dogs, makis, 

 in short, in all natural families of animals. Each of these 

 families has its normal type ; and in each of these groups the 

 species may be connected solely according to the character of 

 the cerebral convolutions." 



Wagner fully agrees with Grratiolet. " The fundamental 

 development of the lobes in the large, lesser, and central 

 brain ; the limitation of the lobes in the cerebrum to inter- 

 mediate, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, are in 

 tlie quadrumana, as well as in man, arranged according to the 

 same plan ; and so are the chief fissures between them, — the 

 Sylvian, Rolando's, the occipital fissure, the overlapping of the 

 cerebellum by the v:ell-developed posterior lobe of the cerebrum j 

 all this gives more or less, to the lowest simian brain, a 

 striking physiognomical resemblance to the human brain." 



There is, then, nothing more to be said on this point ; the 

 general plan is and remains the same, and I cannot prove it 

 better than by placing some drawings of human and simian 

 brains in juxtaposition. But there are certain people who 

 never give in. Distinctive characters must exist ; how can 

 you otherwise explain man's exceptional position ? or how 



