171 



LECTURE VII. 



Compai'ison of Negi-o and German. — Bodily proportions of the Negro. — 

 Skull.— Pelvis.— Proportions of extremities: arm, hand, leg, foot.— 

 Internal Pai-ts. — Brain. — Face. — Deviations from the normal type. — 

 Diiierences of Colour.— Insensibility of the Negro.— Babies, and their 

 development. — Eemarkable change about the period of puberty. — Mental 

 Inferiority of the Negro.— Constancy of differences.— Eesemblance to 

 the Brute. — Intermediate form between Man and Ape.— Microcephali. — 

 The Aztecs. 



Gentlemen, — By a scientific investigation of tlie facts, we 

 have arrived at tlie conviction tliat essential differences be- 

 tween man and the highest anthropoid apes do exist — differ- 

 ences sufficiently important to induce us to assign to man a 

 distinct rank in the animal kingdom, but by no means so 

 great as to obliterate the close afiinity subsisting between man 

 and the animals standing next to him. We have in these in- 

 vestigations, to some extent, idealised both man and ape with- 

 out noticing the differences obtaining within each of these 

 groups, and have only endeavoured to establish for each the 

 abstract collective conception which these various forms com- 

 pose. We have preferentially paid attention to the heads of 

 these groups. Among the apes we chiefly noticed the anthro- 

 poid group, and among the human group the white race. 

 But here already we soon detected that even among these 

 groups there appeared forms which, on comparison, might be 

 separated ; and that as among the superior apes, the orang, 

 gorilla, and chimpanzee, represent three types, which in cer- 

 tain parts of their organisation approached man's structure, 

 and in others deviate from it ; so there appear within the 

 human group different types, which in some points approach 

 the simian, and in others the highest human type. We shall, in 

 the investigation of these facts adopt the same method we 

 have hitherto followed. We now no loJiger oppose the generic 



