LECTURE VII. 177 



poral muscles, presiding over the motion of the massive lower 

 jaw, and filling the whole temporal fossae, are larger and more 

 powerful in the Negro than in the White. The lower jaw is, in 

 fact, far more powerful and massive than in the white; the 

 chin is retracted, broad, and rounded ; the horizontal bi-anch of 

 the lower jaw is very long ; the vertical broad and short, and 

 forming an obtuse angle, so that a considei'able force can be 

 exerted. The size of the teeth, which are broad, long, and of 

 glittering whiteness, corresponds to this. The substance of 

 the teeth is, moreover, far harder than in the European, so 

 that they are not so easily used up. I know dentists, who 

 partly owe their reputation to the circumstance that during 

 their stay in America they procured sacksfuU of Negro teeth, 

 with which they supplied the gums of our European ladies, — 

 an operation which could be the more easily effected, since the 

 female European skull resembles much more the Negro skull 

 than that of the European male. 



On further examining the proportion the cerebral-skull bears 

 to the facial-skull, the simiousness in the Negro is exhibited by 

 the greater development of what may be called apposition. The 

 elongation of the skull, its narrowness in the anterior part, 

 the recession of the forehead, cause, as it were, the brain to 

 slide back from the face, whence the roofs of the orbits appear 

 more oblique than in the European, and resemble the form 

 seen in most mammals. The funnel- shape of the orbits is 

 caused by this formation. The internal cranial capacity is, 

 despite of its elongation, considerably smaller than in the 

 German, the difference amounting to nearly 100 cubic centi- 

 metres or more, according to some measurements already 

 given. 



The facial angle of Camper amounts in the Negro to 70-75 

 deg., it may sink to 65, whilst in the German it is rarely 

 below 80, and frequently a few degrees higher. In the Ger- 

 man the saddle-angle [ephippium) is 134 deg., in the Negro, 

 138-150 ; the angle on the root of the nose, in the German 66 

 deg., is in the Negro above 70 up to 77. 



On examining the other parts of the skeleton, we are at 

 once struck by the fact that the S-shaped curve of the verte- 



