182 LECTURE VII. 



structural character, and it is specially tlie foot of the go- 

 rilla, or if you like, tlie posterior hand, which also in other 

 respects presents a decided similarity to the foot of the 

 Negro. 



With respect to the internal organs, I shall chiefly quote the 

 remarks of Pruner-Bey, who, as the physician of the Viceroy 

 of Egypt, has ample opportunities for observation. " Soemmer- 

 ing," says Pruner, " had already remarked that in the Negro the 

 peripheral nerves are very large and thick in proportion to the 

 volume of the brain. This fact is rendered particularly evident 

 by the excellent preparation of M. Jacquard in the Paris 

 Museum. 



" The narrow and elongated brain always presents on the 

 surface a brown coloration, resulting from a considerable in- 

 jection of venous blood. (Other observers attribute, in our 

 opinion with greater probability, this dark colour to a greater 

 deposition of pigment both in the grey matter and in the 

 arachnoid membrane) . The superficial veins are very thick ; 

 the grey substance presents internally a clear brown colora- 

 tion ; the white substance is yellowish ; the cortical grey sub- 

 stance, which covers the hemispheres, is less thick than in 

 the white. Viewed in front the brain presents a rounded 

 apex ; viewed from above the parts seem coarser and less 

 manifold than in the white. The anterior and parietal convo- 

 lutions seem less deep, flattened, excepting the third convolu- 

 tion, which rather protrudes on the frontal surface. On tracing 

 the convolutions backwards, we find fewer of those parietal 

 folds which render the brain of the white a perfect labyrinth. 

 The convolutions on the middle lobe seem raised, but massive 

 and coarse ; the posterior lobe always appeared to me as flat- 

 tened on the top as the anterior lobe is at the base. In the 

 side view it is specially the direction of the Sylvian fissure 

 which has engaged the attention of anatomists. I myself have 

 never been able to detect in this respect an essential difiei-ence 

 between the brain of the Negro and that of the Egyptian, 

 though I placed them side by side. The part above the corpus 

 callosum is comparatively less raised, the cerebellum less an- 

 gular than in the European, the vermis and the pineal gland 



