LECTURE VII. 187 



hips, thiglis, and legs become more fleshy and the foot more 

 arched ; but as regards the crowning of the work, i. e., the 

 skull, specially the cerebral skull, all the variations in the 

 Negro race remain and are confined within limits which 

 deserve our attention. In the Arian race the skull presents 

 three fundamental types : the elongated form (producing in 

 some exceptional cases slight prognathism) which approaches 

 the boundary of the Negro-type ; the short and round form, 

 approaching the Turanian race ; and, finally, the typically 

 beautiful oval form, which seems to have resulted from a com- 

 bination of the two former. Nothing like this is to be found 

 in the Negro ; his skull is, and remains, elongated, it is ellipti- 

 cal or cuneiform, but never round ; the facial skull may ap- 

 proach the pyramidal form by a greater distance between the 

 cheek-bones, and may in this respect resemble that of the 

 Kaffirs and of the Bechuanas, but no more. Still, there is in 

 Gairs collection the skull of an Austrian, the outlines of which 

 correspond to the Negro type,* and Meigs mentions a Negro 

 skull in Morton's collection, which, apart from a slight pro- 

 gnathism, might be taken for an European skull, as this emi- 

 nent craniologist himself admitted. But assumirfg* that these 

 exceptional skulls belonged to individuals of pure descent, there 

 would still remain sufficient characters — both in the living and 

 the skeleton — to distinguish such individuals from the Negro, 

 the White, or from any other race. 



" This also applies to the regular Caucasian features, with 

 which some travellers have endowed certain Negro peoples. 

 Among many thousand Negroes who have come under my own 

 observation, there was not one who could lay claim to it. 



"■ Similar variations may also occur as regards the colour of 

 the skin. The deep velvety black is very rarely met with. 

 There are gradations from brown to grey, which latter colour 

 imparts to the individuals a cadaverous aspect. Though the 

 pigment of the Negro seems to be the same substance as the 

 colouring matter in freckles and the tanned skin of the Euro- 



* In the anatomical collection of Bern there is the sknll of a murderer, 

 which, on a superficial view, appears to me to possess more of the Negro 

 type than any white skull I have yet seen.— C. V. 



