LECTURE Vll. ' 193 



parents, he shone like a one-eyed man among the totally blind. 

 M. Lille GeofFroy, besides, was not a pure Negro, but a Mulatto. 



Having thus, in our investigation regarding the differences 

 between Negro and White, shown that there are certain con- 

 stant and easily detected distinctive characters ; and having 

 further seen that the differences are in the Negro mostly re- 

 ducible to an animal or simious resemblance, there arise now 

 two important questions to be discussed. 



The first question refers to the permanence of the differences. 

 Is it possible that these may become obliterated by any influ- 

 ences in nature, that is to say, without an intermixture of 

 races, so that the Negro may by elevating influences become 

 metamorphosed into a White, or the White by depressing- 

 causes be transformed into a Negro ? 



The second question refers to anhnal resemblance. Are we 

 able to point out the gradations which bridge over the gulf 

 which still exists between the Negi"0 and the ape, and follow 

 them step by step from the anthropoid ape to the Negro, and 

 from the Negro to the white man ? 



As regards the first question, I shall have an opportunity 

 of discussing it in connection with other phenomena, which 

 will prove that in the various races there is an immanent 

 fixed character, which by external influences is liable to 

 change with certain limits only. As far as our observations 

 extend, we are unable to say that the changes have essentially 

 altered the character. The Egyptian monuments, which show 

 us the Negro as he was thousands of years ago, contempo- 

 raneous, probably, with the Biblical Adam, contain excellent 

 representations of the present Negro ; and yet the black race 

 has since that time existed in that country by the side of 

 another type — the genuine Egyptian, which has also remained 

 unchanged. With the exception of the tanning of the skin, 

 the white man in Africa never exhibits an approach to the 

 Negro-type. Again, in America, where the black race has for 

 some time been acclimatised, we find that a somewhat lighter 

 colour in the North is the only effect which the climate has 

 produced in more than a hundred years. As far as we can 

 trace, neither these nor other races have undergone greater 



o 



