LECTURE IX. 247 



thus not surprising that in many grottoes and caverns are 

 found human bones or objects of art and industry from remote 

 periods to the present time. Thus in the cave of Mialet near 

 Anduze in the Cevennes were found fragments of pottery, 

 Roman lamps, the statuette of a senator in his toga, in yellow 

 burnt clay, also Roman antiquities with polished stone hatchets 

 and other stone weapons which belonged to an earher period. 

 In one part of the grotto was a grave filled with human bones 

 dug in a sandy clay containing bones of the bear. In other 

 spots of alluvial soil were found objects of art manifestly more 

 recent than the ossiferous clay which it covered. In the back- 

 ground of the grotto were seven or eight bear skulls so sur- 

 rounded by stone blocks, which had become detached from the 

 roof, as to resemble a monumental group. There is no doubt 

 that all these objects must belong to a later period, as it is 

 historically proved that at the time of the dragoonades of 

 Louis XIV, the persecuted Protestants worshipped in this 

 cave. I merely cite this example to show that such late depo- 

 sits occur partly above and partly between, and in the osseous 

 clay itself, in the absence of a stalactite roof, or if it has been 

 subject to the exploration of intruders. But all these recent 

 intermixtures in the caves may be easily detected on careful 

 examination. 



The finding of human bones in the same condition as the 

 animal bones is different when they are met with imbedded in 

 clay showing no sign of having been disturbed, and when they 

 are intermixed with the bones of extinct animals covered by a 

 stalactite roof imbedded in stalagmite, so that bear- and human 

 bones are cemented in one mass. In such cases, and especially 

 if the discovery is made by careful and trustworthy observers, 

 there can be no doubt that man who was buried with the bear 

 also lived with him. To establish this fact, I shall cite a few 

 instances which inspire us with confidence from the character 

 of the observers, and which will assist us in our investigations, 

 as regards the origin of mankind and the different races. 



Dr. Schmerling of Liege published in 1833 a classical work 

 on the caves of his own country. Each of these caves, some 

 of which have now disappeared by being quarried out, was 



