LECTIJEE X. 275 



neouSj and tte different state of their cartilages appears to me 

 to prove that they belong to different epochs. With regard to 

 the flint implements^ it seems to me natural to assign them to 

 the stone period of the Swiss pile works. Since now these 

 pile works are co-ordinate with the present level of the lakes, 

 they must necessarily be post-diluvian, for in all the Swiss 

 lakes, even those whose beds were not excavated by the erratic 

 or diluvian phenomenon (if there be such), we can only date 

 back the present level of the waters to the last effects of this 

 mighty phenomenon, which left the bed of every lake in that 

 condition in which we see it at present. 



'' I do not think that man co-existed with the mammoth ; I 

 still adhere in this respect to Cuvier^s opinion. Cuvier's opi- 

 nion is that of a genius, and has hitherto not been refuted.'^ 



Milne-Edwards, the celebrated professor of zoology, imme- 

 diately replies, that he will give no opinion respecting the age 

 of the beds at Moulin-Quignon, which concerned the geolo- 

 gists ; but as regards the contemporaneity of man and the 

 extinct animals, he must formally declare that it rests not 

 merely upon the discovery at MouKn-Quignon, but upon a 

 great number of facts ascertained in different countries. 



Quatrefages also declares that, though for a long time he ad- 

 hered to the view of Cuvier, he now entertained a different 

 opinion. 



According to all observations which I have cited in this 

 work, there can really be no doubt on this subject. It is well 

 known that more recent alluvial formations contain well pre- 

 served remains of destroyed beds ; nothing, for instance, is 

 more common than to find in the strata immediately overlying 

 chalk, whether they belong to the tertiary or more recent for- 

 mations, flints and silicious petrifactions from the chalk bed. 

 Why, then, should not detached elephant and human bones 

 be found intermixed in a recent diluvium ? No doubt, such 

 may be the case ; but when such discoveries are made in 

 the most different locahties, when not merely rolled and worn 

 away fragments of bones, but connected parts which manifestly 

 must have been covered with flesh, are found associated with 

 human bones and numerous remains of man^s industry ; if these 



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