288 LECTURE X. 



loess ; and wMch. contains, besides some fragments of mam- 

 mals and reptiles, a large quantity of well-preserved land and 

 fresh water shells, of whicli thirty-seven species have been de- 

 termined, all of which still occur in the surrounding country, 

 or in the south of France. These shells were, no doubt, de- 

 posited in a lake, which extended far beyond both banks of 

 the Seine. Above the fresh water stratum lies another of 

 grey diluvium, half a meter in thickness, containing granitic 

 and porphyritic pebbles, but only a few fragments of fresh water 

 snails, which seem to have been washed up from the subjacent 

 stratum. Then comes a marly sandy layer of grey colour, with 

 but few pebbles, without shells, seventy-five centimeters thick, 

 and then comes the red diluvium of quartzose sand with pebbles, 

 for which the chalk flints and the granite porphyry of Morvan 

 have furnished the materials, which are coloured and cemented 

 by the red ferruginous marly clay. This red diluvium, which thus 

 partly consists of the same elements as the grey diluvium, 

 reaches a thickness of seventy centimeters, and hes imme- 

 diately beneath the loam or loess, which is here only thirty 

 centimeters thick, though in many places much thicker, and 

 covered by vegetable soil. In the lowest stratum of the grey 

 diluvium in a suburb of Paris, at La Motte Piquet, Gosse 

 found, amidst numbers of bones of the elephant, rhinoceros, 

 and the horse, flint hatchets of the same kind as those of 

 Amiens. One of these hatchets was attached by sand to a 

 bone, so that there was no doubt that both were imbedded 

 together. 



Since that time a number of similar discoveries have been 

 made in England, of which I shall only mention such as de- 

 monstrate the parallelism of the respective beds with those of 

 France. 



In 1801 John Frere communicated a paper to the English 

 Society of Antiquaries, in which he reports that he has found, 

 at Hoxne, near Diss, in Suffolk, worked flints at a depth of 

 twelve feet in a stratified soil, which had been dug up for brick 

 earth. Under a foot and a-half of vegetable earth was clay seven 

 and a-half feet thick, and beneath this a layer of white fine sand, 

 one foot thickj with shells, and under this two feet of gravel, which 



