LECTURE X. 



289 



contained tlie worked flints. Frere found also in tlie horizon- 

 tal strata the jawbones and teeth of a large animal unknown 

 to him ; and saw five or six hatchets within the space of a 

 square yard. 



Fig. 93. Section at Hoxne, after Prestwich. 



M. M. Sea-level. 1. Higher level sand overlying the basin. 2. Upper 

 sand of the basin. 3. Lower sand with bones and hatchets. 4. Peaty clay 

 for brick-making. 5. Boulder clay. 6. Sand and gravel. 7. Chalk. 



Prestwich very recently examined this spot, and found the 

 pit from which some hatchets were extracted, but no bones. 

 Among the bones found there at an earlier period, were those 

 of the elephant, the horse, and the deer. A minute examina- 

 tion established the fact that the chalk at the bottom is here 

 covered with sand and gravel, upon this lies the lower glacial 

 drift, which extends over nearly the whole of England and 

 Scotland, namely, boulder clay and large blocks, which came 

 from the north, specially from Norway. In this clay a basin 

 seems to have been scooped out, the lowest bed of which is 

 formed of a peaty and clayey stratum, impervious to water. 

 In this black stratum fragments of the oak, yew, and fir have 

 been recognised. Upon this bed lie the sand and gravel 

 which contain bones of mammals, stone hatchets, with fresh 

 water shells, amongst which the common river shell, valvata 

 piscinalis, abounds ; nor are the common pond snails wanting. 

 Finally, this fresh-water basin is overlaid by a layer of sand 

 and gravel of apparently very recent origin. 



Similar discoveries have been made in other English coun- 

 ties. I shall not dwell on these, but would merely draw your 

 attention to the fact that all these beds are deposited above 

 that clay stratum, with pebbles and blocks, which the English 

 term glacial drift, or boulder-clay. Whilst in all locahties in 

 France where these implements are found, one stratum, corre- 

 sponding to the glacial drift formation, is entirely absent, or at 



