LECTURE X. 295 



tricated itself, in a bitter struggle for existence, wliich it was 

 well able to maintain, by being gifted with a larger amount of 

 brain and intelligence tban that possessed by the surrounding 

 animal world. 



But even this amount of intelhgence was comparatively but 

 a moderate one, as shown by the crania dating from that 

 period. We possess but two imperfect specimens of this kind 

 — the skull of the Neanderthal and that of Engis, which we 

 shall now examine. 



The skull of Engis, of which, thanks to Dr. Schmerling of 

 Liege, Geneva possesses a fine cast, is more perfect than the 

 Neander skull ; for on the right side, besides the frontal bone 

 and the parietal bone, the greater part of the occipital and 

 mastoid process, with the meatus auclitorius, are well pre- 

 served ; whilst of the Neander skull we only possess the roof 



Fig. 94. Engis Skull in Profile. 



of the cranium, the facial bones being entirely absent, and the 

 base of the skull destroyed. This, no doubt, is very unfor- 

 tunate, as regards the proper estimation of the sktiU. Thus it 

 is impossible positively to determine whether the skull was 

 prognathous or orthognathous, though the presumption is that 

 it was prognathous. As little can the form of the face be 

 determined, still less the formation of the angles at the base 

 of the skull. We must, then, rest satisfied with what we 

 possess, and draw our deductions accordingly. 



