304 LECTURE X. 



thai skull, while some attain that proportion of breadth to 

 length (80 : 100) which constitutes brachycephaly.-'-' 



Fully agreeing with these observations, I will only add some 

 few remarks. The least developed skull of Borreby (see fig. 

 98) stands far above the Neander skull by the arched elevation 

 of the middle head, but differs from it entirely by the form of 

 the occiput and the great breadth of the skull, which renders 

 it decidedly brachycephalous. The only distant similarity be- 

 tween these two types consists in the flattening of the fore- 

 head and the projection of the eyebrows. Apart from size, the 

 forehead of the ISTeander skull is that of an idiot or . micro- 

 cephalus. Up to the occiput, which presents different pro- 

 portions, the profile of the idiot, which Owen delineated for 

 comparison with the chimpanzee (see fig. 47, p. 145), cor- 

 responds with that of the Neander skull. As surely as a m.an 

 of the white race with a brain like that of the Hottentot 

 Venus, justly remarks Gratiolet, would be an idiot, so surely 

 would a white man with a Neander skull be an idiot in the 

 midst of his more gifted race. 



But apart from the height of the skull, the development of 

 the forehead and eyebrows, I still find a great similarity be- 

 tween the Engis and the Neander skulls, which becomes striking 

 when viewing them from above. The Engis skull is somewhat 

 narrower; its length in proportion to its breadth being 10 : 7, 

 which in the Neander skull is 100 : 72 ; but in other respects 

 we have the same lines, the same general form. Taking now 

 into consideration that the female skull is on the average 

 smaller than the male ; that it is narrower and longer ; that its 

 roof considerably predominates over the base ; that its bones 

 are thinner, and that the muscular attachments as well as the 

 eyebrows are always less developed ; and considering further 

 their simultaneous appearance in the same region, and the 

 oscillations which the Austral-Negros also show in the deve- 

 lopment of the eyebrows, the forehead, and the height of the 

 skull, I arrive at the rather hazardous conclusion that both 

 skulls belong to one and the same race, and that the Neander 

 skull belonged to a muscular but stupid male, while the Engis 

 skull, perhaps, belonged to an intelligent woman. 



