306 LECTURE X. 



following observations in the Transactions of the Natural His- 

 tory Society of the Lower Rhine. " This cast shows the greatest 

 similarity^ as regards cerebral development^ to that of an 

 Australian^ placed by the side of it. The proportions in the 

 former are^ as regards size, rather more favourable than in the 

 latter. But the difference in the cranial shape is also exhibited 

 in the form of the brain. The length of the hemispheres of 

 the Neander skull amounted to 1 73, the width of the anterior 

 lobes to 112 ; the greatest width of the brain 136, the greatest 

 height of the brain above a line connecting the extreme points 

 of the anterior and posterior lobes, 67 millimeters. These 

 extreme measures are in the brain of the Austral-negro : 164 ; 

 100; 125; 77. Lucae found, that although the brain of Euro- 

 peans is on the average 300 grammes heavier than that of the 

 Australian, that of the former is neither in length nor in height 

 much greater than that of the latter, but exceeds it much in 

 width. It is noteworthy that this difference in race type is 

 traceable in the remotest period, when there were, in our parts 

 of the globe, men who stood in the same intellectual scale as 

 the living AustraUan savage." 



I have had a cast taken of the cranium of a Swiss skull 

 in the Museum of Bern, which I have called an " Apostle 

 skull," and which is at the service of my friends. The 

 greatest length of the hemispheres of this cast is 180; width 

 of the anterior lobes 110; greatest width of bi'ain 127; 

 greatest height, which, on account of the greatly developed 

 Pacchionian glands, cannot be exactly ascertained, about 63 

 millimeters. On reducing these numbers, on the assumption of 

 the greatest length =; 100, we obtain the following comparable 

 proportions : — 



Cast. 



Neander skull 



Australian 



Apostle 



I know not whether these measures can be really considered 



as measures of the cerebral development — for if this be the 



case, the Neander skull would in every respect stand above 



those of the Australian and the Apostle skuU ; whilst^ accord- 



ength. 



Width of anterior 

 lobes. 



Greatest width. 



Height 



100 



64-7 



78-6 



38-9 



100 



60-9 



76-2 



46 



100 



61-1 



70-5 



35 



