liECTUBE X, 307 



ing to the general form^ the reverse is tlie case, at least as 

 regards the relation of the Neander skull to the Apostle skull. 



On viewing the Neander cast from the side, the frontal lobe 

 seems remarkably small and separated from the vertical convo- 

 lutions by a deep depression, across which the large blood- 

 vessel of the cerebral membrane ascends nearly perpendicularly. 

 At the same time, the imprints of the convolutions are compara- 

 tively broad and coarse — hke those in the Hottentot Venus, 

 whilst these very convolutions, which are indicative of the con- 

 voluted state of the whole brain, are more numerous and more 

 curved in the Apostle skull, nay, were on the surface of the 

 frontal lobe so fine, that they left only an undulating mark. 

 We observe the same condition in the lower parietai- temporal 

 lobe, where at least two floors are as plainly indicated as in the 

 Orang and the Hottentot Venus. 



Not less remarkable is the break in the posterior lobe pro- 

 vided with some few coarse convolutions — a break which is so 

 considerable, that we might be induced to believe that the 

 transverse occipital fissure is developed in the same manner as 

 in the ape. This break is also seen when viewed from above. 

 Over the apex of the right occipital lobe the lateral venous 

 sinus winds up to the vertical, as Schaaflfhausen justly contends, 

 against Huxley's opinion. The characters of cerebral develop- 

 ment, still recognisable, thus indicate a very degraded human 

 race, approaching the simian type. 



But whom did this primitive race of Europe resemble most ? 

 — the Australian, the most disgusting type of living savages ! 

 Poor Adam ! Poor Eve !* 



* The axithor's sarcasm on tMs occasion is not based on any well ascer- 

 tained fact. There is no character in the Neanderthal skull to show that it 

 belonged to the Australian or any other race. Much less is there any rea- 

 son to suppose that this skxill represents the primitive race of Eui'ope : with- 

 out wishing to dispute in the least that it may be of a very high antiquity. 

 With respect to the race-characters of the Neander calvarium. Dr. J. Barnard 

 Davis, a most competent and painstaking observer, has just given his opi- 

 nion in these emphatic words : — " The peculiar form of this Neanderthal 

 example, I am satisfied, is the result of a synostosis, and is not in any way 

 to be regarded as a race-character." See Memoirs read before the Anthropo- 

 logical Society of London, vol. i, 1864 : Trubner and Co. — Editor. 



x2 



