LECTURE XII. 343 



whence are derived those long heavy skulls, which differ 

 entirely from those of the stone-age. 



The Lapp people of the stone-period, if we may so call 

 itj inhabited not merely Denmark and Scandinavia, but no 

 doubt also the north of Germany. Discoveries made in Meck- 

 lenburgh furnish the clearest evidence for such an assumption. 

 I shall give you a description of them nearly in the words of 

 Dr. Schaaffhausen, who also gives a minute description of the 

 skulls found. 



" There was found near Plan in Mecklenburg, in the gravel, 

 six feet under the surface of the soil, a human skeleton, in a 

 crouching, almost kneeling, posture, with implements made of 

 bone, a hatchet made of staghom, two wild boar tusks which 

 had been cut off, and three incisors of a stag, perforated at 

 the root. This grave was considered to belong to a very re- 

 mote period, as it was neither protected by stones, nor were 

 there any implements of stone, iron, or pottery present. Dr. 

 Lisch, struck by the abnormal projection of the supraciliary 

 region, observed, that the cranial formation indicated a very 

 remote age, in which man occupied a very low position in the 

 stage of development, and that the grave probably belonged 

 to an autochthonous people. The skull and the skeleton 

 having been broken to pieces by the workmen, I had some 

 difficulty in cementing the twenty-two fragments sent to me. 

 Notwithstanding the great similarity between the form of the 

 forehead of this skull and that of the Neander-skuU, the pro- 

 minence of the supraciliary arches is greater in the latter, and 

 is confluent with the superior orbital margin, which is not the 

 case in the former. The skulls, however, are essentially dis- 

 tinguished by their general form, which, in the latter, is long- 

 elliptical, and in the former, rounded. In the Plau-skull, a 

 portion of the upper jaw, with the teeth, and the whole lower 

 jaw, have been preserved; it is orthognathous. The bones 

 are thick but very light, and adhere strongly to the tongue. 

 The muscular attachments on the occiput, above the mastoid 

 process, are strongly developed ; the sutures of the cranium 

 are wholly unossified ; the last upper molar on the right side 

 has not yet broken through ; the teeth are worn away ; in 



