570 



LECTUEE XIII. 



Distinctive Characters of the Cavern- and Stone-Period. Skulls of Deri- 

 mark. — Arching of the Forehead. — Apostle- Skulls of Switzerland, and 

 their Age. — The Jaw of Moulin-Quignon. — Skulls of Lonibrive compared 

 with those of the present Basques. — Danish Stone-Skulls compared with 

 the present Lapps. — Skull of Meilen. — Relation to the present Swiss 

 Skulls. — Eomanic Short-Heads. — Relation to the Etruscans. — The Oldest 

 Domestic Animals. — The Dog. — Swine. — Wild Hog, and Marsh-Hog. — 

 Horned Cattle : Urus, Wisent, long-fronted, and curved-horned Cattle. — 

 The Sheep.— The Goat.— The Horse.— Cultivated Plants. 



GrENTLEMENj — We Considered in a preceding Lecture the 

 conditions under whicli the pi'imitive man existed in Europe. 

 In arriving at the conclusion that he co-existed with the 

 extinct animals of the so-called diluvial period^ reaching far 

 beyond any historical data, we, at the same time, obtained 

 the result, at least as regards the oldest skulls, that such 

 cranial formations as those of Engis and the Neanderthal, are 

 at present no longer met with in European races. A cursory 

 comparison of later skulls of the South of France, and of the 

 sepulchres of the stone period of Denmark, equally showed 

 that those parts must have been inhabited by other races, 

 whose cranial formation differs so much from those first men- 

 tioned, that a descent in the direct line is hardly conceivable. 

 We intend to-day to pursue this inquiry, and endeavour to 

 trace the connection of these various phenomena, aided by an 

 examination of domestic animals and their development. 



I have already observed that the distinguishing character of 

 the two cave-skulls lies in the extraordinary length of the 

 whole skull, in the comparatively small width which falls 

 behind the region of the parietal prominences, and in the 

 pecuharly attached occiput, which in one of these skulls, 

 viewed from above, presents almost a straight hne of the 

 lambdoidal suture, whilst, in the other, this line presents the 



