400 LECTURE XIII. 



was subsequently supplanted by the importation of tlie curved- 

 horned sheep, which excelled it alike by a finer wool and the 

 flavour of its flesh. 



In the pile-works of the stone-period the goat is much more 

 frequently met with than the sheep ; but in the later settle- 

 ments the proportion is reversed. It is the same race which 

 at present exists in Switzerland, which may have been wild at 

 one period. 



" Horse bones," says Eiitimeyer, " are in the pile-works of 

 the stone-period much more rare than the remains of man, and 

 as we cannot imagine the horse to have been buried with man 

 outside the pile-works, we can only conclude that the horse 

 was wanting to the early pile-builders, and even occurs but 

 sparingly in the later settlements of the same periods ; so much 

 so that I am led to suppose that the few horse relics found in 

 Robenhausen, Wauwyl, &c., have been introduced into the 

 pile-works as booty ; the mode of life of the pile-builders 

 seems scarcely compatible with horse-breeding. 



" It is almost superfluous to add, that all the horse-remains 

 found are those of the domestic species, and entirely distinct 

 from the fossil horse." 



The teachings of the cultivated plants are analogous to those 

 derived from human and animal relics. Apples and pears, 

 prunes and hazel-nuts, raspberries, bilberries, &c., were mani- 

 festly eaten and partly cultivated by the pile-builders. What 

 they specially planted was wheat, barley, and flax, the seeds of 

 which may also have sei'ved for food, whilst the fibres served 

 for various textures. The grains of the wheat are much 

 smaller than those of the wheat now cultivated. Barley in 

 the old settlements was six-rowed, in the later settlements 

 it was also found two-rowed. Rye, oats, and hemp, which, 

 according to botanists, are natives of the East, whence, as 

 many believe, the pile-builders had emigrated, are entirely 

 absent. " We may assume," says Dr. Christ, " that the 

 pile-inhabitants, true autochthons of our country, have never 

 visited the rye and oats districts, that is to say. Eastern Europe, 

 whilst wheat and barley, perhaps, came from the south. Wheat 

 was at all events the first cereal cultivated by man in our 

 northern regions." 



