LECTURE XV. 425 



few favoured races which, as far as is known, may inhabit the 

 whole globe, the rest are more or less confined within certain 

 limits which they cannot without impunity transgress. But 

 these laws now prevailing in the physical world are applicable, 

 no doubt, to remote periods, in which the present conditions 

 existed ; and, as the facts relating to the existence of man upon 

 the earth teach us that the conditions were not changed, 

 neither can the laws of distribution of the human race have 

 undergone any material change. 



Not merely the difference of races, but also their constancy 

 in the course of time, is perfectly established. We have en- 

 deavoured to show that these characters may be traced back 

 beyond the historical period up to the pile-works, the stone- 

 period, and the diluvial formations. The Egyptian monuments 

 show that already under the twelfth dynasty, about 2,300 

 years before Christ, Negroes had been imported into Egypt ; 

 that slave hunts had, as now, taken place under several dynas- 

 ties, as proved by the triumphal processions of Thotmes IV, 

 about 1700 B.C., and Rameses III, about 1300 B.C. There are 

 seen long processions of Negroes, whose features and colour 

 are faithfully rendered ; there are seen Egyptian scribes regis- 

 tering slaves with their wives and children ; even the down 

 upon the heads of the latter may be distinguished. There are 

 also seen many heads presenting the characters of Negro 

 tribes inhabiting the south of Egypt, and which the artist dis- 

 tinguishes as such by a superadded lotos-stalk. But not 

 only the Negroes, but also the Nubians and the Berbers, as 

 well as the old Egyptians, are always depicted with those cha- 

 racteristic peculiarities which have been preserved to this day. 

 "The peasants of the Nile valley," says Broca, " now termed 

 Fellahs, have preserved the type of the ancient Egyptians, 

 which is the more remarkable, as they have since the Arab 

 conquest intermixed with the stock of the conquerors. The 

 identity of the modern Fellahs with the Egyptians of the time 

 of the Pharaohs has been shown by Morton by the comparison 

 of their skulls;" and Jomard confii'ms this as follows: "On 

 looking at the agricultural labourers of Esne, Ombos, Edfu, or 

 of the district of Selsele, one is apt to imagine that the images 



