LECTURE XV. 433 



measurements by Morton contradict this assertion categorically, 

 by showing that the skull of the Yankee is as large as that 

 of the Englishman. Thus the alleged differences are reduced 

 to a minimum, and are the less to be depended upon, as the 

 Anglo-Saxon race is itself a mongrel race, produced by Celts, 

 Saxons, Normans, and Danes, a raceless chaos without any 

 fixed type; and the descendants of this raceless multitude have 

 in America so much intermixed with Frenchmen, Germans, 

 Dutch, and Irish, as to have given rise to another raceless 

 chaos, which is kept up by continued immigration. We can 

 readily believe that from this chaos a new race is gradually 

 forming. The facts at hand are, however, by no means so 

 decisive as to justify us in considering these characters as 

 constant. We must, moreover, add that the German families, 

 who have been settled in Pennsylvania quite as long as the 

 Anglo-Saxons, and have kept their race pure, do not present 

 the transition into the Yankee type, but preserve that of their 

 stock. The so-called Anglo-Saxon race, which, in point of 

 fact, is no real race, as no fixed type has been produced by its 

 manifold intermixtures with foreign peoples, that so-called 

 race has, certainly, undergone some alterations in a foreign 

 climate, whilst the fixed Germane- Saxon race, which main- 

 tains itself with great tenacity in its old dwelling places in 

 Germany, has not changed even in America. Here again 

 we have that difference in the conduct of old fixed and new 

 formed races already touched upon. 



The Jews also have been cited as a proof of alteration, even 

 though, as is here the case, the stock is kept pure. It is true 

 we find, chiefly in the North, in Russia and Poland, Germany 

 and Bohemia, a tribe of Jews frequently with red hair, short 

 beard, pug nose, small grey cunning eyes, massive trunk, 

 round face and broad cheek bones, resembling many Scla- 

 vonian tribes of the North. In the East, on the contrary, and 

 about the Mediterranean, as well as in Portugal and Holland, 

 we find the Semitic stock with long black hair and beard, large 

 almond-shaped eyes with a melancholy expression, oval face 

 and prominent nose ; in short, that type represented in the 

 portraits of Rembrandt. In Africa finally, on the Red Sea in 



F F 



