440 LECTUEE XV. 



indicating the cross-breed between European and Australian^ 

 nor is tbere any administrative law as regards such bastards. 

 " "We may therefore/' continues Broca, " assume it as a fact, 

 that cross-breeds of Europeans and native Australian women 

 are very rare. This fact is so much opposed to the usual 

 theory of the interbreeding of human races^ that it is worth 

 while to examine whether there may not be other than physio- 

 logical causes for it." Broca then shows that sexual inter- 

 course between Europeans and Austrahan women, so far from 

 being rare, is, on the contrary, very frequent, for the simple 

 reason that there are but few European females ; he further 

 proves that the bastards are not, as has been asserted, killed, 

 and that, in spite of numerous connections of this kind, there 

 exist so few mongrels, that we possess no information concern- 

 ing their physical and mental characters, and their prolificacy. 

 In the presence of such facts, we cannot be surprised that this 

 degree of sterility occurs in such races as, both by physical 

 conformation as well as by distance, are far remote from each 

 other. The objections to these facts by Quatrefages are so 

 weak that they require no refutation. Even if it were true 

 that the Australians kill the bastards who with their mothers 

 return to their tribe, it might at the same time be fairly as- 

 sumed that all European fathers, who produce children with 

 Australian women, are not such monsters as to expose them to 

 certain death. We cannot suppose such an abnegation of 

 every human feeling to have existed even among the first 

 criminal population of Australia. 



In now casting a retrospective glance at the changes pro- 

 duced by external influences and by intermixture in the various 

 races inhabiting the globe, we arrive at certain conclusions 

 which may be fairly inferred from the facts at hand. 



1 . The differences in the human genus which we may desig- 

 nate either races or species, (both terms appear to me as 

 regards natural races perfectly identical), these differences are, 

 as far as we can trace them, original and have in the course of 

 time been transmitted unchanged upon the same soil. 



2. The changes, which these original species can undergo 

 by external influences of any kind, are so slight that they can- 

 not be compared with the primary differences. 



