464 LECTURE XVI. 



stould not have been tlie first to raise it ; for as far as I know, 

 no Darwinist, if we must call them so, has either raised that 

 question or drawn the above inference, for the simple reason 

 that it neither accords with the facts nor their consequences.* 



It is easy to prove our assertion as regards man and ape. 



The ape-type does not culminate in one, hut in three anthro- 

 p>oid apes, which belong to at least different genera. Two of 

 these genera, the orang and the gorilla, must at all events be 

 divided into different species ; there are perhaps some varieties 

 of them which form dispersive circles, like some around 

 certain races of man. Be this as it may, this much is certain, 

 that each of these anthropoid apes has its peculiar characters 

 by which it approaches man ; the chimpanzee, by the cranial 

 and dental structure ; the orang, by its cerebral structure j the 

 gorilla, by the structure of the extremities. None of these 

 stands next to man in all points, — the three forms approach man 

 from different sides without reaching him. 



I say ^'from different sides." For, in point of fact, these 

 three anthropoid apes do not rise above the same fundamental 

 form from which they branch off j but they sprang from different 

 ape families which we must consider as having run parallel. 

 Gratiolet has, as regards cerebral structure, followed up this 

 subject. I shall not enter into details which must be studied in 

 his treatise, but I shall give here the conclusions he arrived at. 



" On comparing the brain of the orang with that of other 

 brains,'" says Gratiolet, ''we are bound, on account of the size 

 of the anterior lobe, the relative smallness of the posterior lobe, 

 and the development of the superficial transition convolutioa 

 (plis de passage), to place the orang at the head of the gibbons 

 and the Semnopitheci, of which any one may easily convince 

 himself on comparing the respective brains drawn with scru- 

 pulous exactness. 



" These analogies are the more remarkable, as they lead to 

 the same result as the examination of external characters." 



The orang, considered as the highest gibbon, has a "gibbon^s 

 brain, only richer, more developed, in a word, brought nearer 

 perfection." 



* This is quite true, although the author is mistaken respecting there being 

 no Darwinist advocates for unity : I have alluded to this in the Preface. — Ed. 



