LECTURE XVI. 465 



Of the chimpanzee^ Gratiolet remarks, " On comparing his 

 brain with, that of the true Macacus, and specially of the ma- 

 got, it is impossible for us to reject the analogies presented by 

 this comparison. The examination of the skull and face con- 

 firms these analogies by new ones. 



" When, therefore, we put aside every preconceived theory, 

 and keep solely to the facts, we are irresistibly led to the con- 

 clusion : The chimpanzee brain is a perfected Macacus brain. 



" In other words : the chimpanzee stands in the same rela- 

 tion to the Macacus and the baboon, as the orang to the gibbon 

 and the Semnopithecus." Of the gorilla, finally, he says : " The 

 gorilla is a mandrill, just as the chimpanzee is a Macacus and 

 the orang a gibbon. The absence of a tail, the existence of a 

 broad sternum, the peculiar locomotion, not upon the palmar 

 surface of the fingers, lllit upon the dorsal surface of the second 

 phalanx, are indeed characters they possess in common ; but 

 however important these may be, they do not permit the ap- 

 proximation of these three genera. As heads of three different 

 series, these apes still preserve the characters of the groups to 

 which they belong, although they possess, if I may so express 

 myself, common insignia of their high dignity.'-' 



No valid objection can be raised to these deductions of Grra- 

 tiolet, in presence of the facts ; but these facts prove our 

 assertions, that the higher developed forms of different parallel 

 series of apes approach man from difierent sides. Let us 

 imagine the three anthropoid apes continued to the human 

 type, — which they do not reach and, perhaps, never will reach ; 

 we shall then see developed from the three parallel series of 

 apes, three difierent primary races of mankind, two dolicho- 

 cephalic races descended from the gorilla and chimpanzee, and 

 one brachycephalic descended from the orang ; — that descended 

 from the gorilla is, perhaps, distinguished by the development 

 of the teeth and the chest ; that descended from the orang by the 

 length of the arms and light-red hair ; and that issued from the 

 chimpanzee, by black colour, slender bones, and less massive 

 jaws. 



When, therefore, we look upon the apes and their develop- 

 ment as proceeding from different parallel series, the assumption 



II H 



