chap, vii.] PANGEIUNGO MOUNTAIN. 181 



At about 7,500 feet we came to another hut of open 

 bamboos, at a place called Kandang Badak, or " Bhinoceros- 

 field," which we were going to make our temporary abode. 

 Here was a small clearing, with abundance of tree-ferns 

 and some young plantations of Cinchona. As there was now 

 a thick mist and drizzling rain, I did not attempt to go on to 

 the summit that evening, but made two visits to it during 

 my stay, as well as one to the active crater of Gedeh. This 

 is a vast semicircular chasm, bounded by black perpendicular 

 walls of rock, and surrounded by miles of rugged scoria- 

 covered slopes. The crater itself is not very deep. It 

 exhibits patches of sulphur and variously-coloured vol- 

 canic products, and emits from several vents continual 

 streams of smoke and vapour. The extinct cone of Pan- 

 gerango was to me more interesting. The summit is an 

 irregular undulating plain with a low bordering ridge, and 

 one deep lateral chasm. Unfortunately there was per- 

 petual mist and rain either above or below us all the 

 time 1 was on the mountain ; so that I never once saw the 

 plain below, or had a glimpse of the magnificent view 

 which in fine weather is to be obtained from its summit. 

 Notwithstanding this drawback I enjoyed the excursion 

 exceedingly, for it was the first time I had been high 

 enough on a mountain near the Equator to watch the 

 change from a tropical to a temperate flora. I will now 

 briefly sketch these changes as I observed them in Java. 



