184 JAVA. [chap. vii. 



is said to be found nowhere else in the world but on this 

 solitary mountain summit. It has a tall, stout stem, some- 

 times more than three feet high, the root leaves are eighteen 

 inches long, and it bears several whorls of cowslip-like 

 flowers, instead of a terminal cluster only. The forest trees, 

 gnarled and dwarfed to the dimensions of bushes, reach 

 up to the very rim of the old crater, but do not extend 

 over the hollow on its summit. Here we find a good 

 deal of open ground, with thickets of shrubby Artemisias 

 and Gnaphaliums, like our southernwood and cudweed, but 

 six or eight feet high ; while Buttercups, Violets, Whortle- 

 berries, Sow-thistles, duckweed, white and yellow Cru- 

 ciferse, Plantain, and annual grasses everywhere abound. 

 Where there are bushes and shrubs, the St. John's-wort 

 and Honeysuckle grow abundantly, while the Imperial 

 Cowslip only exhibits its elegant blossoms under the 

 damp shade of the thickets. 



Mr. Motley, who visited the mountain in the dry season, 

 and paid much attention to botany, gives the following 

 list of genera of European plants found on or near the 

 summit : — Two species of Violet, three of Ranunculus, 

 three of Impatiens, eight or ten of Eubus, and species 

 of Primula, Hypericum, Swertia, Convallaria (Lily of the 

 Valley), Vaccinium (Cranberry), Rhododendron, Gnapha- 

 lium, Polygonum, Digitalis (Foxglove), Lonicera (Honey- 

 suckle), Plantago (Rib-grass), Artemisia (Wormwood), 



