456 BAND J. [chap. xix. 



more profitable system in their Eastern possessions. I 

 challenge objectors to point out any physical or moral evils 

 that have actually resulted from the action of the Dutch 

 Government in this matter ; whereas such evils are the 

 admitted results of every one of our monopolies and restric- 

 tions. The conditions of the two experiments are totally 

 different. The true "political economy" of a higher, when 

 governing a lower race, has never yet been worked out. 

 The application of our "political economy" to such cases 

 invariably results in the extinction or degradation of the 

 lower race ; whence we may consider it probable that one 

 of the necessary conditions of its truth is, the approxi- 

 mate mental and social unity of the society in which it is 

 applied. I shall again refer to this subject in my chapter 

 on Ternate, one of the most celebrated of the old spice- 

 islands. 



The natives of Banda are very much mixed, and it is 

 probable that at least three-fourths of the population are 

 mongrels, in various degrees of Malay, Papuan, Arab, 

 Portuguese, and Dutch. The first two form the basis of 

 the larger portion, and the dark skins, pronounced features, 

 and more or less frizzly hair of the Papuans preponderates. 

 There seems little doubt that the aborigines of Banda 

 were Papuans, and a portion of them still exists in the 

 Ke islands, where they emigrated when the Portuguese 

 first took possession of their native island. It is such 



