30 



IX. VIOLAllIili]. 



Calyx of 5 Sepals. Corolla of 5 Petals, the lower with a spiu-. Summit of the Anthers 

 prolonged into a diy membrane. Gormen 1. Style 1. 



99. VIOLA. 



I follow Koch in this genus, because, though 

 fully jpersuaded that the species are not all 

 sound, yet I could not determine with confi- 

 dence what ought to be rejected. I have added 

 what was necessary fi'oni other authors in the 

 words of the author, giving to the reader all 

 the knowledge I have been able to attain on 

 the subject. The shape of the L. is of those 

 of summer ; of the Stipules, those of the middle 

 of the stem. 



A. Style nearly straight. (Stigma with a 



perforate Beak, DC.) 

 i. Stemless. Pruit-stalks erect. Caps. 



nodding. Sp. 1^. 

 ii. Stemless. Fruit-staEvs lying down. Sp. 



5-11. 

 iii. "With a stem. Fruit-stalks erect. 



a. Primary shoot short and barren. 

 Flowering stems lateral, from amonir 

 the L. Sp. 12-14. 



b. Primary shoot lengthened and bearing 

 flowers. Sp. 15. 



■ B. Style sharply bent. Stigma flat (mth an 

 opening between its two lobes, DC.) . Sp. 24. 



O. Style ascending. Stigma large, uf ceolate, 

 with a beard on each side. 

 i. L. quite entire. Sp. 25-27. 

 ii. L. crenate. Sp. 28-35. 



A. Sit/le nearly straight. 

 i. Ko Stem. Stalks erect. Caps, nodding. 



1. pinnata. Root somewhat woody (not 

 fleshy) . L. multipartite ; outKne nearly round. 

 Stigma somewhat thi'ee-cdged. p. 6, 7- Moun- 

 tain yasticres. Alps. rare. 



2. palustris. Root scaly. All L. reni- 

 fonn (broader than long). Stip. fi'ee, ovate, 

 acimiinate. Middle Pet. with violet veins. 

 p. 5, 6. JBogs. 



8. epipsila. Lower L. reuiform; second 

 cordate. Stip. free, ovate, acuminate. Pet. 

 not veiny, p. 5. JBogs and woods. Salz- 

 burg. Laybach. Intermediate in appearance 

 between palustris and hii'ta. 



4. uli^inosa. L. cordate. Stalk winged. 

 Stip. lanceolate, glandidoso-denticulate, at- 

 tached for above half their length to the L.- 

 stalk. p. 3, 4. Bogs. Cam. Sil. Leipzig. 



ii. No Stem. Fruit-stalk lying on the 

 ground. 



5. sciaphila. No runners. L. cordate, 

 wdtli a shallow, open sinus. Stip. lanceolate, 

 fi-inged. Caps, oblongo-oval, quite smooth, 

 p. 4, 5. Shady hills. Sw. Tyi-. 



6. ambigua. No runners. L. cordate, 

 with a shallow, open sinus. Stip. lanceolate, 

 fringed. Caps, ovate, downy, p. 4, 5. Pas- 

 tures. Vallais. 



7. coUina. Runners short, or wanting. 

 L. cordate, with a deep sinus. Stip. lanceolate. 

 Fi-inge hispid. Caps, globose, downy, p. 4, 5. 

 Shade. Ratisbon and along foot of Alps. 



8. hirta. Runners short, or w^anting. L. 

 cordate, prolonged, with a deep sinus. Stip. 

 lanceolate. Fringe smooth. Caps, globose, 

 downy, p. 4, 5. Pasttcres and shade. Distin- 

 guished from V. odorata iy the general want 

 of runners, which, when they occur, flower 

 within the year, the longer L., the position of 

 the Bracts, decidedly below middle of Stalk, 

 the viant of smell , the smaller Caps, and fewer 

 Seeds ; and, according to Bab., by the linear 

 Spurs to the Anthers. 



9. odorata. Runners long (not floweiing 

 till the year after their production, Godr.). L. 

 cordate, with a deep sinus. Stip. ovato- 

 lanceolate, acute. Fringe much narrower than 

 half the width of stipules. Caps, globose, 

 downy. (Spm* of Anthers lanceolate, Bert.) 

 p. 3, 4. Woods and banks. 



10. suavis. Runners long. L. cordate, 

 with a deep sinus. Stip. lanceolate, cuspidate. 

 Fringe downy, more than half the width of 

 stipules. Caps, globose, dow^ny. p. 3, 4. 

 Banks of the Viadi-e at Fi-ankfort-ou-Oder. 



11. alba. (Runners bearing flowers the 

 year of their production, Godr.) L. tiian- 

 gulari-cordate, abruptly acuminate, with a 

 deep but open sinus, p. 8. Calcareous woods. 

 Nancy. 



