170 



375. VALERIANA. 



ii. Tk)ot-L. undivided. Stem-L. with one or 

 two auricles on each side of base. 



7. tripteris. Hairless. L. dentate : lower- 

 most rounded, on sliort stalks ; those of bar- 

 ren shoots cordate, on long stalks; of stem 

 trijiartite. Lateral Lts. small. Corymbs in a 

 terminal panicle, p. 5-8. Rocky mountains. 



8. psrrenaica. Pubescent. Lower L. 

 stalked, cordate, unequally dentate ; upper cor- 

 date, acuminate, serrate, with 1 or 2 pair of 

 oblong, acuminate, basal lobes, p. 6, 7. Shady 

 mountains. Pyr. Sc. 



9. dioica. Haii'less, erect. L. of root oval 

 or subrotundo-ovate ; of barren shoots ovate, 

 on long staEis. Stem-L. lyrato-jiinnatifid. 

 Lts. unequal, entire. Corymb of barren plant 

 diffuse ; of fertile compact. Fr. ovate, hairless. 

 Root stoloniferous. p. 5, 6. Boggy meadows. 



;8. All L. simple. Prussia. Silesia. 



iii. Root-L. undivided ; upper L. pinnate or 

 pinnatifid. 



10. tuberosa. Hairless. Root-L. eUiptico- 

 oblong, stalked, attenuate, obtuse. Upper 

 stem-L. not lyrate. Divisions linear. Corymb 

 short. Fr. ovate, marked on each side with 

 two siUcy lines. Root tuberous, p. 5. Moun- 

 tain meadows, s. Eur. 



11. globularisefolia. Hairless, somewhat 

 glaucous. Root-L. ovate, attenuate, quite en- 

 tire. Divisions of the upper stem-L. linear. 

 Corymb short. Fr. oblong, hairless, p. 6, 7. 

 High. Pyr. 



B. All the Mowers perfect. 



12. Phu. Hairless, erect. Root-L. oblongo- 



lanceolate, attenuate, sometimes incise. Stem- 

 L. pinnate, with 3 or 4 pair of quite entire 

 acute Lts. Fr. marked on one side with two 

 hairy lines, p. 5, 6. Shade. Belg. Sw. n. 

 It. rare. Bord. Ageu. 



18. sambucifolia. Stem erect. All L. 

 pinnate. Lts. 4-5 pair, oblong or lanceolate, 

 dentato-serrate. Fr. hairless. Panicle thyr- 

 soid. Root with runners. 

 6-8. Moist shade. 



Stem single, p. 



14. officinalis. Stem erect, furrowed. 

 Lts. 7-10 pair, lanceolate. Fr. hairless. Co- 

 rymb panicled. Root with creeping runners. 

 Stem single, p. 6-8. 3foist banks and woods. 



j8. angustifolia. Lts. Hneari -lanceolate, cili- 

 ate, obtuse. 



15. exaltata. Stem erect, furrowed. Lts. 

 7-10 pair, lanceolate. Fr. hairless. Corymbs 

 panicled. Root with many stems and no 

 runners, p. 7, 8. Bloist woods. Ger. HaUstadt. 



LV. DIPSACE.E. 



Flowers in a head, surrounded by an involucrum. Calyx double : outer closely attached to the 

 fruit ; inner superior. Corolla of one petal, placed on the inner calyx. Style I. Seed 1, 

 pendulous. 



876. DIPSACUS. 



1. fullonum. L. sessile, inciso-crenate. 

 Stem-L. connate, undivided. L. of Invol. 

 spreading, decurved at the tip. Pales rigid, 

 obovate, recurved, equalling flower, b. 7- l^s- 

 capes. 



2. sylvestris. L. sessile, crenato-serrate, 

 not setoso-ciUate : lowermost attenuate ; up- 

 per connate, undivided. Invol. incurved. Pales 

 flexible, straight, exceeding flower, b. 7. TJn- 

 cult. 



/3. pinnatifidus. 

 natifid. 



Intermediate stem-L. pin- 



3. laciniatus. L. sessQe, setoso-cUiate : 

 lowermost lobato-crenate, attenuate ; upper 

 pinnatifid, somewhat connate. Invol. incurved. 

 Pales flexible, straight, exceeding flower, b. 

 7, 8. Moist meadows and ditch-banks, m. 

 Europe. 



4. ferox. Stem and L. everywhere very 

 prickly. Root-L. sinuate; middle pinnatifid; 

 upper undivided. Invol. spreading. Pales 

 rigid, straight. Head of Fl. crested, b. 7. 

 Mountains. Cors. Sard. 



5. pilosus. L. stalked, auricled at base. 

 Invol. deflexed, about as long as head. Pales 



obovate, 

 b. 7, 



aristato-cuspidate. 

 Moist shady. 



ciHate, straight. 



377. CEPHALARIA. 



1. transylvanica. Outer Cal. with 8, 

 acute, rigid teeth. Root-L. undivided. Stem- 

 L. pinnatipartite. Divisions lanceolate : the 

 terminal very large. L. of Invol. and Pales 

 ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, cihate. a. 7- 

 Mountains, s. Eur. Fl. radiant, bluish. 



2. joppensis. Outer Cal. with 8 short, 

 equal teeth. Root-L. undivided. Stem-L. 

 pinnatipartite, serrate. Heads ovate. Scales 



