220 



480. ARCTIUM. 



tulate, hooked, and of one colour. Fl. in a 

 corymb. ,b. 7, 8. TJncult. 



2. tomentosum. Phyll. webby : inner lan- 

 ceolate, with a straight muero, coloured, and 

 somewhat radiating. Fl. corymbose, b. 7, 8. 

 TJticuU. 



3. minus. PhyU. webby, all subulate and 

 hooked : inner somewhat coloui-ed. Fl. some- 

 what racemose, b. 7- Uncult. 



These characters are taken from Koch. 



481. CARDUUS. 



The inner Phyllaries are linear in all the 

 species, generally colom-ed, 3-nei-ved, and pu- 

 bescent at the tip, mostly soft and unarmed ; 

 but in some species there is a slight mucro. 

 The L. in all are decurrent, and more or less 

 sinuate and inciso-dentate, with spines on the 

 teeth, which are longer and stronger as they 

 terminate a larger subdivision of the L. 



I have put together the species with oblong 

 or cylindrical flowers, but find it impossible to 

 give an analytical view of this genus, or of the 

 next ; — in other respects I have copied De 

 CandoUe, with an occasional character added 

 from Koch, Gaudin, and Gussone, where I 

 could be sure the same species was intended. 

 The flowers clustered, some of them absolutely 

 sessile, or numerous on short stallvs pricldy 

 nearly or quite to the summit, or solitary on 

 long staLcs, seem to be important characters ; 

 but I have not the materials to follow them 

 out. 



A. Flowers oblong. Sp. 1-7. 



B. Flowers nearly globular, or broadly ovate. 

 i. Flowers clustered. Sp. 8-17- 



ii. Flowers nearly solitary. Sp. 18-34. 



A. Mowers oblong. 



1. pycnocepbalus. Fl. 2-5, crowded at 

 the end of the nearly leafless branches. PhyU. 

 subulate. Margin spreading, on an ovato- 

 lanceolate base ; all mucronate : inner striate. 

 L. sinuate or pinnatifid, webby beneath, a. 

 b. 6, 7- IFalls and waste. Rouen, adr. G. 

 Italy. 



2. neglectus. "L. oblong, sinuato-spi- 

 nose, wooUy beneath. Stalks cottony, nearly 

 naked. PhyU. hairless, subulato-spinose, spread- 



ing, exceeding flowers. 



Borders of fields. 



Naples." — Ten. Fl. solitary ; but DC. adds, 

 ■ or in small clusters." Far. of Sp. 1 ? 



3. tenuiflorus. Fl. many, crowded at the 



end of somewhat leafy branches. PhyU. lan- 

 ceolate, or the outer ovato-lanceolate and some- 

 what spreading, tapering into a spine; inner 

 striate, erect, finely acute, not always spines- 

 cent. L. oblong, sinuato-pinnatLfid, webby 

 beneath, a. b. 7, 8. Waste. 



4. sardous. Fl. 12-15, crowded at the 

 end of leafy, winged branches. Phyll. subu- 

 late, spreading, on a lanceolate base; inner 

 very finely acute. Stem-L. oblong, attenuate, 

 sinuato-pinnatifid, araneo-tomentose beneath, 

 and sometimes above. Segm. palmato-angular. 

 b. 5, 6. Dry hills, n. Sard. Savona. 



5. congestus. "Fl. 3-15, crow^ded, invo- 

 lucrate. Cal. ovato-cyUndrical. PhyU. taper- 

 ing into a spine, spreading at top : inner acute, 

 serrulato-laciniate. L. smooth above, arach- 

 noid beneath, pinnatifid. Div. 2-3 -partite, 

 ending in strong spines. Segm. divaricate, 

 subdenticulato-spinulose. a. 5, 6. Woods and 

 hedges. Bafia and Mandanico, Sic." — Guss. 



6. cepbalanthus. "Root-L. runcinate, 

 squarrose. Stem-L. lanceolate, acuminate, sinu- 

 ato-piunatifid, spinose. Stem with many inter- 

 rupted wings. Fl. crowded, 30-40, cylindri- 

 cal. PhyU. adpressed : outer lanceolate, wooUy, 

 spinose; inner smooth, linear, unarmed, b. 

 Isl. of Lavezzi between Cors. and Sard." — Viv. 

 This and the preceding do not seem well dis- 

 tinguished from tenuiflorus. 



7. arabicus. Branches winged to the top. 

 L. lanceolate, sinuato-pinnatifid, ivith white 

 spots above, tomentose beneath ; upper exceed- 

 ing flowers. PhyU. lineari-lanceolate, erect, flat, 

 with an abrupt, not pungent spine; inner 

 membranous, unarmed, a. b. 4, 5. Malta. 

 SicUy. 



B. Flowers ovate or nearly globular. 

 i. Flowers clustered. 



8. Argyroa. " Branches wooUy, winged to 

 the top. Fl. ovate, somewhat corymbose, on 

 short stalks. L. Unear, pinnatifid, dentato- 

 spinose, wooUy beneath. Segm. palmato-an- 

 gular. PhyU. webby, adpressed, tenninated by 

 a short spine ; inner Unear, acuminate, sca- 

 riose. Fits. 20-30. a. 5. Uncult. Pal. 

 Sard."— Moris. 



9. Personata. Fl. 5-8, crowded at the end 

 of leafy and generaUy winged branches : lateral 

 ones sessile. Lower L. pinnate or pinnatifid ; 

 upper eUiptic or ovate, undivided, irregularly 

 serrate : all somewhat webby beneath. PhyU. 

 somewhat seiTulate, spreading, b. 7, 8. Moun- 

 tain valleys. Alps. Vosges. 



