222 



481. CARDUUS. 



tato-serrate or serrato-lobulate ; lowest and 

 uppermost semidecurrent. Lobes bifid, Yl.- 

 stalks long, naked. PbyU. linear, spinuloso- 

 mucronate, spreading from the middle, p. 

 7, 8. Rock?/ hills. Alps. 



j3. summanus. Poll. L. coarsely dentate, 

 spinoso-ciKate. 



7. crassif alius, KocH. L. coarsely dentate. 



Teeth cloven. 

 S. cirsoides, Vill. L. smooth, dentate. Lobes 



bifid. 



e. rhcsticus. Difi'ers from S in having strong 

 spines on the L. 



f. leptophyllus. L. narrow. 

 7]. alpestris. L. pinnatifid. 



25 . tenuifolius. Branches few, very long, 

 tomentose, 1-fiowered. L. lanceolate, undi- 

 vided, semidecurrent, spinuloso-dentate, hair- 

 less, glaucous beneath. Fl. hemispherical, erect. 

 PhyH. linear, obtuse, unarmed, adpressed. p. 

 6, 7- Meadows. Basle. Monte Generoso ? 



26. laxiflorus. " L. lanceolate, serrate, 

 spinuloso-ciliate, hirsuto-scabrous on both sides. 

 Stalks long. M. cemuous, solitary. PhyU. 

 lineari-subulate, lax. Aust. Alps." — DC, from 

 Tausch : not noticed hy Koch. It is said 

 closely to resemble C. defioratus. 



27- acicularis. L. pinnatifid, dentato-spi- 

 nulose, villous, hoary beneath. PL -stalks 

 naked. PhyU. lineari-aciform (setaceous ?), 

 straight, spreading: the outer eqnaUing flowers; 

 inner shorter, a. Ravenna. 



28. carlinifolius. Branches long, tomen- 

 tose, without wings, 1-flowered. L. lanceo- 

 late, pinnatifid. Lobes bifid, dentato-spinose, 

 hairless, glaucous beneath. M. subglobose, 

 erect. Phyll. subulato-spinose at top ; inner 

 hardly membranous, p. Moist rough. Prov. 

 Pyrenees. 



29. platylepis. " L. villous on veins be- 

 neath, pinnatipartite. Segm. ovate, somewhat 

 palmato-trifid, spinuloso-ciliate. PI. subro- 

 tnnd, erect, solitary, or with an additional ses- 

 sile horizontal flower. ]\Iiddle PhyU. some- 

 what contracted in the middle : base ovate ; 

 upper part lanceolate, b. 7, 8. Fields and 

 meadows in high valleys. Tyrol. Styria." — 

 Koch. 



30. nigrescens. Scarcely branched. The 

 Branches mnged to the top. L. lanceolate, 

 sinuato-pinnatifid, dentato-spinose. PI. cemu- 

 ous. Cal. hemispherical. Phyll. lanceolato- 

 Unear ; outer spreading, b. 7. Barren, s. e. 

 Fr. Smaller and less branched than C. nutans. 



31. clirysacanthus. Somewhat branched 

 at top. Branches short, cottony, winged al- 

 most to the end. L. lanceolate, piunatifid, 

 dentato-spinose, cUiate, smooth, except that 

 the veias underneath are wooUy. PL globose, 

 nearly soUtary. PhyU. webby : outer ending 

 in a somewhat spreading spine ; inner mem- 

 branous, straight, unarmed, coloured, p. 

 Mountain •pastures. Abr. Spines yellow." 

 —DC. 



32. nutans. " L. viUous on veins beneath, 

 pinnatipartite. Segm. ovate, somewhat pal- 

 mato-trifid. PL solitary, subrotund, nodding. 

 Middle PhyU. contracted in the middle : base 

 ovate ; upper part lanceolate, tapering into a 

 refracto-patent spine, b. 7, 8. Dry pastures." 

 — Koch. 



38. macrocephalus. "Branched. L. lan- 

 ceolate, sinuate, dentato-spinose. PL large, 

 hemispherical, soUtary, cemuous. Outer PhyU. 

 ovato-lanceolate, somewhat reflexed : middle 

 ones contracted in the middle. Naples. Ft. 

 larger than in C. nutans. Phyll. 15 lities by 

 5, instead of 10 by 2."— DC. 



84. leucogTaph.us. Pilaments united! 

 Branches few, long, naked. Lower L. oblong ; 

 upper sinuato-pinnatifid. PL solitary. Outer 

 Pits, often unproductive, a. b. 5, 6. Waste. 

 s. Pr. Osero. It. 



Koch notices thefollomng Hybrids : — 



1. acanthoidi-nutans. PI. soUtary, nodding. 



2. niltanti-acanthoides. PI. smaller, erect. 



3. crispo-nutans. 



I omit agrestis and Sancta-Balnue of DC, 

 as there is no description to identify them. 



482. CIRSIUM. 



A. L. setoso-scabrous on upper surface. 

 i. Stalk about 5-winged. Sp. 1-3. 

 ii. Stalk about 2-winged. Sp. 4, 5. 

 iii. L. not decun-ent. Sp. 6-8. 



B. L. not setoso-scabrous. 



i. PL accompanied by bracts. 



a. Stalk about 5-winged. Sp. 9, 10. 



b. L. hardly decui-rent. 



* Not expanded at base. Sp. 11, 

 ** Expanded at base. Sp. 12-17. 



ii. PI. without bracts. 

 a. L. not decurrent. 



* Evidently expanded at base. Sp. 

 18-22. 



