224 



482. CIRSIUM. 



HYBRIDS. 



1. palustri-oleraceum {parviflorum, DC.) 

 has the stem and inflorescence of C. oleraceum, 

 but with decurrent L. ; and the Fl. of palustre, 

 but yellowish, with purple styles. Another 

 form differs chiefly from C. oleraceum. in having 

 L. somewhat decurrent. G. and Sw. oca. — 

 N^GELi i7i Koch. 



2. palusfri-acaule differs from C. acaule in 

 its linear bracts and decurrent L.j more slender 

 spines, which are more numerous at the base 

 of L., webby stalk, and smaller flowers. Near 

 Strasbm-g. — N^geli in Koch. 



b. L. not decurrent below the next ; Stem, 

 therefore, not more than %-winged. 



* L. not expanded at the lose. 



11. arvense. Stem branched. L. webby 

 beneath, sinuato-pinnatifid. Outline lanceolate. 

 Lobes sinuato-angular ; each segm. spinescent. 

 Inline of upper L. linear. Div. undulato- sinu- 

 ate. PhyU. lanceolate: outer few, somewhat 

 spinescent. Cor. divided to base. p. 7-9. 

 Waste. 



0. setosum. L. undivided, or only obtusely 

 sinuate, flat. e. Eur. 



HYBRID. 



1. anensi-palustre (Chailleti, Koch). L. 

 and Inflorescence of 0. palustre. Fl. and Fits. 

 of C. arvense. Boggy meadows below Bruch 

 and Bahrandorf near Vienna. C. Chailleti of 

 Gaud, belongs to palustre, Koch. 



** L. expanded and amplexicaul at base. 

 Outer Phyllaries generally spinoso-ciliate 

 at base. Mowers yellow, except in C. 

 controversum. 



12. oleraceum. Fl. sessile, crowded. Phyll. 

 ending in a weak spine. Bracts ovate or cor- 

 date, undivided. Lower L. elliptic, sinuate ; 

 middle pinnatifid. Segm. ovato - lanceolate. 

 p. 7, 8. Moist meadows and woods, m. Em'. 



hybrids. 



1. lanceolato-oleraceum (subalatum, Gau.). 

 L. semidecm-rent, pubescent, somewhat pinna- 

 tifid. Segm. divaricate, 2-lobed. Fl. bracteate. 

 PhyU. lanceolate, acuminate, spinescent, spread- 

 ing. Neufehatel. — Gaud. 



2. oleraceo - arvense has barren lower 

 branches, as C. arvense. The Inflorescence, 

 Bracts, and PhyU. are intermediate. Fits. 

 more like those of C. oleraceum. 



Another form has no auricles to L., and the 

 bracts are small and lanceolate. — N^geli in 

 Koch. 



3. oleraceo-Erisithales. L. and Bracts ra- 

 ther of C. oleraceum. Inflorescence and Fl. of 

 C. JErisithales. It. Sw. Monte Legnone. 



Another form difi^ers from C. oleraceum in 

 its narrower bracts and wider phyUaries, ter- 

 minated by a shorter spine. 



4. oleraceo-rivulare {erucagineum,'DC) . Fl.- 

 stalks short, furnished with mmicate L. Fl. 

 crowded. Bracts lanceolate or lineari-lanceo- 

 late, as long as flowers, green. PhyU. termi- 

 nating in a short spine. It varies in almost 

 every degree between the two species. Swabia. 

 Bav. Appenzel. Jura. — N^geli in Koch. 



5. oleraceo-heterophylluni. L. cordate, am- 

 plexicaul, white or webby beneath. Segm. lan- 

 ceolate, entire on the forward side. Fl. few, 

 crowded. Bracts oblongo -lanceolate, exceeding 

 flowers. PhyU. graduaUy contracted into a 

 short spine. Boh. 



heterophyllo-oleraceum. Lower L. glaucous, 

 and nearly smooth beneath. Fl. somewhat 

 ventricose, crowded. Bracts oblongo -linear, 

 not discoloured, equaUing or exceeding the 

 flowers. PhyU. oblong, adpressed, or spreading 

 only at top, ending in a very short spine. 

 Rheinwald. — N^egeli in Koch. 



6. oleraceo-bulbosum {Lachenalii, Koch ; 

 pallens, DC). L. of C. bulbosum. Fl. of 0. 

 oleraceum. Inflorescence intermediate. 



Another form is nearer to bulbosum, and 

 specimens are found hardly differing from that 

 species except in the colour of the flowers. 



bulboso-oleraceum has Root and L. much 

 like those of C. oleraceum, with the Fl. and 

 Inflorescence Uke those of C. bulbosum, except 

 that there are one or two bracts, and that the 

 Fl. are not purple. Sw. and G. occ. — N^geli 

 in Koch. 



7. oleraceo-acaule {rigens, Hort. Kew.). L. 

 of C. acatde. Fl. of C. oleraceum. Inflores- 

 cence and Bracts intermediate. 



Another form differs from C. acaule in having 

 longer and more acute PhyUaries, yeUowish 

 Fl., and the borders of the Fit. longer than 

 the tube. 



acauli-oleraceum. L. of C. oleraceum. Fl. 

 of C. acaule, but white or yeUowish. Inflo- 

 rescence and Bracts intermediate, but rather 

 approaching those of G. acaule. 



Another form differs from G. oleraceum in 

 the sometimes two-lobed divisions of L., the 

 Fl. on longer stallcs, and the Bracts narrower. 

 Scattered throughout G. and Sw. — NjEGELI in 

 Koch. 



8. cano-oleraceum {Card, tataricus, Linn.) 

 in Root and L. agrees with C. oleraceum ; in 



